Different cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) regulate the transition of euk

Question

Different cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) regulate the transition of eukaryotic cells from one phase of the cell cycle to another: from G1 to S, S to M, or M to G1. Describe the different mechanisms by which the enzyme activity of the CDKs is regulated over time during the cell cycle and how such mechanisms are altered in different cancers. In some cells such as trophoblasts (cells of the placenta) and megakaryocytes (precursors to blood platelets), cells will undergo repeated rounds of G1 and S phase without G2 or M phases – what is the advantage of this cell cycle for such cells?

Explanation / Answer

Through phosphorylation, cdks signals the cell that it is ready to pass into the next stage of cell cycle. As their name suggest, cyclin dependent protein kinase are dependent on cyclin another class of regulatory proteins. cyclin binds to cdks activating cdks to phophorylate other molecules.

Cellular proliferation driven by cdks and their cyclin partners is decontrolled in cancer, so cancer is a proliferative disorder.

In case of trophoblast and megakaryocyte, there is high demand to proliferate the cells for adequate growth of correspponding system. In case of lack of proper growth there is chances of intra uterine growth restriction of foetus as well as deficiency of RBCs. So there phases are absent.

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