EXERCISE 8 THE SICKLE-CELL TRAIT ACTIVITY 2 Work with a small group or alone to
ID: 146989 • Letter: E
Question
EXERCISE 8 THE SICKLE-CELL TRAIT ACTIVITY 2 Work with a small group or alone to complete this exercise. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD defi- ciency) is an inherited disorder where either the body has less of the G6PD enzyme than normal or the available G6PD is not functioning correctly. This deficiency impacts red blood cell function and may result in anemia (the destruction of red ) when people with the condition have infections, are taking certain medications, or eat certain foods. People with GBPD deficiency may have some protection from malaria because their abnormal red blood cells interfere with the reproduction of the malaria parasite in their bodies 1. Consider the prevalence of G6PD deficiency estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO): Compare the distribution of G6PD deficiency to the distribution of the sickle-cell trait and malaria (Figure 8.11). What do you notice is similar What is different? 0.5% 0.5-2.9% 7-99% 10-14.9% 1 5-26%Explanation / Answer
Answer 1 Comparison of prevalence of sickle cell aneamia and G6PD deficiency:
Similarities:
Differences
Conclusion: Both have almost equal distribution on the world map.
Comparison of Malaria and G6PD prevalence
Similarities:
Difference:
Answer 2
G6PD deficiency is a X-linked recessive disorder in which there is deficiency of enzyme Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). G6PD is a key enzyme of Pentose Phosphate Pathway which reduces NADP to NADPH which finally reduces glutathione. Glutathione reduces peroxides formed by free radicals and oxygen in RBCs. In this disease, the oxidative damage is high resulting in RBC hemolysis and finally hemolytic aneamia.
Sickle cell aneamia is an autosomal codominant disorder in which the RBCs becomes sickle shaped (all in case of homozygotes, about 40-50 % in case of heterozygotes) and these RBCs have difficulty passing through cappilaries.
Reason for "Similarities" in Answer 1
Both these diseases are found to be present in similar regions of the world along with malaria endemic regions because
Conclusion: Both these disease in heterozygous individuals provide better chances of survival in malaria prone regions and so are more prevailing in these regions due to evolution by natural selection.
Reason for "Differences" in Answer 1
Both the diseases are prevailing to certain extent in those regions which are malaria free because
Also these countries with malaria and without malaria form the part of developing and developed nations respectively. So, by providing awareness in the society and better medical facilities (cultural practices) have resulted in controlling the disease in developed nations.
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