shared ancestry. What type of evolution is this?_ eaing plänts. Cycad and palm b
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shared ancestry. What type of evolution is this?_ eaing plänts. Cycad and palm bodies look simjlar due to similar selective pressures and not Turn around, marvel at the prehistoric plants that you are viewing, and return to the entrance of the zoo and walk toward the flamingos. Look to the right of the Flamingo Lagoon and you will see a shady "secret" pa take these steps as a shortcut to Africa Rocks a earliest plants to evolve, ferns reproduce using spores, not seeds. Note the s down this peaceful rain forest respite, you may for th, FERN CANYON. You will nd as another journey through evolutionary time. Among some of the maller stag and sword ferns. As you walk get all about o-chem, calculus, physics and even your looming bio exam. As you gaze up at the towering 40-foot high(!) tree ferns, you may even feel as if a Triassic Period dinosaur may walk by and nibble at the fronds. You may be wondering without a true trunk, as seen in cone-bearing and flowering trees, how can these fern "trees" become so large? How is this possible? And even, what is a "true" tree trunk? These kinds of questions, and many more, will be answered in Unit 3. AFRICA ROCKS At the bottom of Fern Canyon, you will be close to the entrance of Africa Rocks. SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA Cape Fynbos Observe the two species from Subphylum Vertebrata, the leopard shark and African penguin. ANSWER: What shared derived characters place both of these organisms into Subphylum Vertebrata, distinguishing the from the rest of Phylum Chordata?
Explanation / Answer
* Sub- Phylum Vertebrata--
Characteristics of Chordates--
The common characters of Chordata are--
a. presence of a notochord which is a flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body n the lowest chordates and the lowest vertebrates and n the embryo of higher vertebrates.
b. presence of a dorsal hollow nerve cord
c. pharyngeal gill slits are present at any stage of life, and
d. a post-anal tail
Chordates are divided into three sub-phyla-- Urochordata or Tunicata
Cephalochordata, and
Vertebrata
Of these, Sub-phylum Vertebrata is the most highly developed and includes 5 Classes--
1. Pisces
2. Amphibia
3. Reptilia
4. Aves
5. Mammalia
Common characters of Vertebrates are--
* presence of an endoskeleton of bones and/ or cartilage
* presence of a cranium or brain box
* bilateral symmetry of the body and paired limbs
* presence of a backbone which encloses the spinal cord.
The Leopard Shark and the African Penguin show all the above characters and hence are included in Vertebrata.
Also, the same characters separate them from the rest two sub-phyla of Chordates.
Leopard Shark belongs to the Class- Pisces
African Penguins belong to the Class- Aves
* Leopard shark is an aquatic animal while African Penguins are terrestrial but very good swimmers. They hunt for food n the ocean water because they feed mostly on fishes. They do not have fins instead their swimming appendages are their short but strong wings which they use as flippers. Their webbed feet also help to swim.
The wings of African Penguins and the fins of the Leopard shark perform the same function but are different in origin and structure. So they are not homologous organs.
Since they have similar function but different origin, these organs can be classified as anaplastic or homologous.
* Marsupials are also mammals but with a difference. They are hairy, warm-blooded, and produce milk to feed their young one. The main difference with other mammals is that they give birth to immature young ones which are kept n a special pouch in their belly and nurtured till they are mature enough to live outside their mother's pouch.
Placental mammals give birth to fully developed young ones. The young ones develop n the mother's uterus and are attached to it through a placenta which helps them to obtain nourishment.
Of the three animals mentioned --- Fossa, Lemur, and Tasmanian Devil [ Koala ], the one that belongs to the class of marsupials is Tasmanian Devil.
Tasmanian Devil is a native of Australia.
Lemurs are a native of Africa. The Ring-tailed Lemur, which is only found in Madagascar is also a marsupial. It is one of the most endangered species of primates in the world.
The fossa is a cat-like carnivorous mammal endemic to Madagascar.
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