Chapter 5: Inflammation and Repair 1. What are the local effects of infection? W

Question

Chapter 5: Inflammation and Repair 1. What are the local effects of infection? What causes the heat in an infection? What causes the swelling in an infection? 2. What are the systemic effects of infection? 3. What is the difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity? Under which category does inflammation fall? 4. What are the characteristic signs of infection? 5. What are the most important cells in the acute inflammatory response? What type of cell is more important later to clean up debris. What are neutrophils? 6. What are the possible outcomes of inflammation? 7. How do Mast Cells contribute to the inflammatory response? 8. What is the difference between acute infection and chronic infection? What are the features and predominant cells of each? 9. Identify the cell-derived mediators of inflammation. What is a prostaglandin? What are leukotrienes? 10. What are the mediators of inflammation from blood plasma? 11. What is Bradykinin? 12. What is the complement system? Why is it only effective on bacteria? 13.Define exudate, and identify the different types: a. Serous: b. Purulent c. Fibrinous d. Adhesions: e. Hemorrhagic: 14. What is the difference between serous and fibrinous exudates? 15. What role do adrenal corticosteroids play in inflammation? 16. What is the definition of infection? 17.Define the following: a. Cellulitis: b. Abscess: d. Pathogenic: e. Virulence: f. Host 18. What factors influence the outcome of an infection? (Hint: see Figure 5-

Explanation / Answer

1)The local effects of infection include redness,pain,heat,swelling,fever and swollen lymph glands.Cellulitis caused by a bacteria causes heat in an infection because it impacts the layer to the skin.The swelling is caused by Insect bitesor due to illnesses, or any injuries It is also caused by the spread of bacteria.

2)The systemic effects of infection happen when the infection is in the bloodstream. The effects include Rapid pulse or breathing leading to an increase in heartbeat. Other effects include Fever and chills,Nausea and vomiting and very low body temperature which indicates the presence of infection.

3)The difference between innate and adative immunity is that innate immunity is something which is already present in the body. On the other hand adaptive immunity is due to a response to an explosure to a given substance which is a foreign particle.

Inflammation falls under the category of adaptive immunity because it happens to a response to an external stimuli which may include pathogens, irritants or any damaged cells.

4)The characteristic signs of infection are Fever or any form of swelling . There can also be an inflammation, redness on the skin or hot skin. The pain from the wound may never end.

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