A sugar cube will spontaneously dissolve in water; which law of thermodynamics d
ID: 149690 • Letter: A
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A sugar cube will spontaneously dissolve in water; which law of thermodynamics does this obey to? Explain. 5- 6- Building a living organism is a multistep organizational process. How does the entropy of biological structures change during their hierarchical assembly? How do living cells comply with the second law of thermodynamics while creating order within themselves? a. b. 7- Which of the following parameters is a true indicator of thermodynamic spontaneity for a biological process (or reaction)? The enthalpy change? - The entropy change? - The free energy change? How are these parameters related to each other? 8- When is a process considered to be: - Endothermic? - Exothermic? Endergonic? - Exergonic?Explanation / Answer
5) A sugar cube will spontaneously dissolve in water. This obeys thermodynamics second law. It states that a process in an isolated system will be spontaneous when the entropy of the system increases. As sugar spontaneously dissolves in water, total entropy of the water and sugar has to increase at the time sugar dissolves.
6) a. A human takes food, breaks it down into different components, and then uses them to build up cells, tissues, ligaments, etc. This process rises order in the body, and thats why decreases entropy. However, they conduct heat when they are in contact with, generate convection because of the differences in body temperature and environment, radiate heat into space, consume food which are energy containing substances and eliminate waste (ex. CO2, water, and other components of breath, sweat, urine and feces. When we will consider all these processes, the total entropy of the bigger system (the human and her environment) will be increased.
b. Cells are highly ordered and have low energy. To maintain this order, some energy will be transformed or lost to the surroundings. Thus, when cells are ordered, entropy is increased in the cell's surroundings to maintain the order. The energy transfer causes entropy to be increased in the universe.
7. The entropy change is the true indicator of thermodynamic spontaneity for a biological process. Because entropy can increase or decrease and it will be dependent on specific reaction. Entropy of a reaction is the measure of state of randomness of the molecules. so, greater the disorder, greater will be entropy.
The change in Gibbs Free Energy (G) for any reaction is related to the changes in enthalpy (H) and entropy (S)
G = H - TS
Here, T is absolute temperature in Kelvins.
8. Endothermic process requires heat absorption.
Exothermic process releases heat.
Endergonic process requires energy absorption, where the products will have greater free energy than the reactants.
Exergonic process releases energy.
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