What other subtypes besides H5N1 can infect humans? (Hint: Search the WHO and CD

Question

What other subtypes besides H5N1 can infect humans? (Hint: Search the WHO and CDC websites.) 9. Are there vaccines available to prevent avian influ- enza in humans? In poultry? Explain. 10. Besides ducks and geese, what other species of wild birds have tested positive for highly patho- genic avian influenza A viruses? (Hint: See Reeves et al., 2013, and Ip et al., 2008, in the References below.) 11. Besides influenza, what other human infections are associated with wild birds? List at least five diseases and what type of pathogen (e.g., bacte- rium, virus, parasite, fungus) causes each type of infection. 12. Search ProMED-mail posts (http://www promedmail.org/). Are there currently any bird fl.

Explanation / Answer

A H5N1 vaccine is an influenza vaccine intended to provide immunization to influenza A virus subtype H5N1.

Vaccines for Humans:

Three H5N1 vaccines for humans have been licensed as of June 2008

Vaccines for Poultry:

As of today, only 2 categories of avian influenza vaccines are commercially available for poultry, the ‘classical’ killed (inactivated) adjuvanted avian influenza vaccines and the recombinant vector avian influenza vaccines.

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