18 Consider the folowing questions (10 pts) a What substance is depicted to the
ID: 151567 • Letter: 1
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18 Consider the folowing questions (10 pts) a What substance is depicted to the right? (pts) b. Folowing ingestion, this What are t wing imgestion, this substance is incorporated into cofactor(s) he (1) name(a) and (2) biological function(e) of this cofactor (4 pto) e identify the structural region(e) of this substance (and its cofactor) which are involved in itslcactn sure biochemical reaction? Be sure How are these structural regions changed or altered when its cofactor participates in a to provide a complete response with adequate justification. (5 pts)Explanation / Answer
a) What substance is depicted to the right?
It is Biotin which is a water-soluble B vitamin, also known as vitamin B7 and formerly known as vitamin H or coenzyme R.
b) Following ingestion this substance is incorporated into cofactors. What is the name and biological of this cofactor.
Biotin mainly acts as coenzyme for carboxylases (Acetyl CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl CoA carboxylase, B methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase).
c) identify the structural region of substance (and its cofactor) which are involve in its biological function.
Biotin is composed of a ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring.
Due to its structural region, it acts as coenzyme for multiple carboxylase enzymes which are involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, synthesis of fatty acids, and gluconeogenesis.
d) How are these structural regions are changed or altered when its cofactor participates in a biological reaction?
Biotin covalently attaches to the epsilon-amino group of specific lysine residues of the carboxylases. This biotinylation reaction requires ATP and is catalyzed by holocarboxylase synthetase. In bacteria, biotin is attached to biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) by biotin protein ligase
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