Short Answer Part 1 1. In what ways can viruses evade the immune system? Which o

Question

Short Answer Part 1

1. In what ways can viruses evade the immune system? Which of these strategies leads to chronic infection and why?

2. How does an infection by HIV cause AIDS?

3. What are some immunodeficiencies that primarily affect T lymphocytes? Why do you think these generally affect immune responses more severely than deficiencies involving B cells only?

4. Compare and contrast antigenic shift and antigenic drift. How do these types of antigenic variation occur?

5. We are exposed to foreign antigens in large quantities in the food that we eat. Why do we not mount effective immune responses against these food antigens?

Explanation / Answer

Solution: 1. Once a virus infects a host, a complex immune response develops to eliminate the invading pathogen. But Viruses have evolved a profusion of strategies to escape from the immune system.

Mechanisms of viral evasion can be separated into those that occur at the cellular level. Viruses can avoid detection by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Pattern recognition receptors in infected cells, dendritic cells, T cell receptors and antibodies are all targets of viral evasion proteins.

some chronic diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, are caused by transmissible infections

Viruses have evolved a plethora of mechanisms to inhibit every step of the innate and adaptive immune responses.

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