Because this is a long one I am going to rate x3 by using other questions, so do

Question

Because this is a long one I am going to rate x3 by using other questions, so dont flag for no reason. I will rate lifesaver but ALL steps must be answered and written in an organised manner. Punnett squares may be written by paper and scanned. Please include ALL as Im rating x3, If you answer ALL questions in a very organised manner I will rate x4. Thank you responders!

PART III: Probability and Mendelian Genetics

1.Place a small piece of masking tape on each side of two pennies. On one penny write R on each side. On the other penny write r on each side.

2.Toss the pennies several times. What combination of genes always appears? Would the offspring with these genes be round or wrinkled?

3.Replace the old tape with new tape. On each penny, write R on one side and r on the other side.

4.Toss the coins simultaneously until all possible combinations of genes have appeared. What combinations of genes appear? For each of the combinations, would the offspring be round or wrinkled?

Conclusions and Applications

1.In Part 1, what was the expected ratio of heads to tails for tosses of a single coin? Did your results always agree with the expected ratio? If not, what would be a reason for the deviation?

2.Compare the standard deviations from the expected for 20, 30 and 50 tosses. What seems to be the relationship between the sample size and standard deviation?

3.In Part II, what was the probability that tails would appear on both coins? How did you arrive at this answer?

4.What was the probability that heads-tails (or tails-heads) would appear? Show your calculations. (Hint: The probability for these two combinations must be added together because they were recorded together.)

5.If you tossed two coins simultaneously 400 times, would you expect the standard deviation to be greater or less than it was tossing them 40 times?

6.In Part III, when an RR plant was crossed with an rr plant, would the offspring have round peas or wrinkled peas? Complete the Punnett square for the cross of RR and rr plants. What are the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios among the offspring?

7.Draw Punnett square to illustrate a Rr and rr cross. Show the genes of the parents, the possible gametes and the types of offspring. Complete the Punnett square for the cross between Rr and rr plants. What are the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios among the offspring?

Explanation / Answer

PART III: Probability and Mendelian Genetics
Cross between Round and pea

RR ( round peas) X rr (wrinkled peas) ------------(parents)
( 2n) (2n)

   R(n)    r(n) ----------- -(gamets)

                Rr--------------- All round peas    (F1 generation)

      (R is dominant /r is recessive)

Punnet square:

           Rr X                       Rr -----------parents (2n)
       R and r R and r----------gamates

                               R    r

                   R           RR                          Rr
                            Round                      Round

                  r Rr                       rr

                                Round                     Wrinkled

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