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Provide at least two molecular explanations for why the levels of cyclin E may b

ID: 163327 • Letter: P

Question

Provide at least two molecular explanations for why the levels of cyclin E may be higher in the breast epithelial cells. Include in your discussion the expected pattern of cyclin E during the cell cycle. Then, provide two possible molecular explanations for how this pattern could be altered to cause a high level of cyclin E. (The two molecular explanations refer to the tumor tissue. That is, explain the high level of cycle E in the breast tumor tissue compared to normal breast tissue.)

All I have so far is cyclin E's role in the initiation of DNA replication.

stage III disease 1.0 low total cyclin E levels 0.8 0.6 O O c 0.4 high total O E 0.2 OR cyclin E levels O TO 0.0 10 years after diagnosis

Explanation / Answer

Cyclin E is a regulator which aids in the transition of G1 to S phase in cell cycle. It complexes with cdk2 (cyclin dependent kinase) and is phosphorylated to achieve an active form. The concentration is at its peak when it crosses the G1 check point.

The regulatory proteins pRb (retinoblastoma protein), p53 and p21 are tumor suppressors. These regulatory proteins act at the G1 check point. The p53 detects a damaged DNA and stops the cell cycle progression. It deputes enzyme for DNA repair and if it fails it triggers apoptosis (cell death). The p53 also triggers p21 that inhibits the activity of Cyclin/cdk complex. In cancerous cells, the regulatory proteins become non functional which accumulates lot of cyclin E protein.

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