Mr. Apple has severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He is admitte

Question

Mr. Apple has severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He is admitted to the hospital with the complaint of increasing dyspnea, increased sputum, anxiety, and diaphoresis. He states he feels weak and tired. He routinely takes a diuretic (furosemide) and his pulmonary medications.
The following laboratory values are obtained:
Arterial blood gases: pH 7.25; pO2 60; pCO2 78; HCO3– 30
Sodium (Na+) 140 mEq/L
Potassium (K+) 2.0 mEq/L
Chloride (Cl–) 105 mEq/L

What type of imbalance does Mr. Brown have? Interpret his ABGs. What might be some causes of his COPD?

Explanation / Answer

Mr. Brown is facing acid-base imbalance.The abnormality of acid base in human body is referred to as acid base imbalance.This imbalance leads to deviation of plasma pH out of normal range i.e. 7.35 -7.45.The excess of acids causes acidosis or acidaemia and excess of base causes alkalosis or alkalemia. There are four basic processes-   

1. Metabolic acidosis-where pH & Co2 down and compensation is respiratory.

2. Respiratory acidosis- where pH down &CO2 up and compensation is renal.   

3. Metabolic alkalosis- where pH & CO2 and compensation is respiratory.

4. Respiratory alkalosis- where pH up& CO2 down and compensation is renal.   

ABGs:-     

Arterial blood gases includes measures- pH,pCO2,pO2,CO2, base excess and oxygen saturation .These are used for evaluation of oxygenation of tissues and pulmonary function.   

Causes of COPD:-  

* Exposure to lungs irritants.ex- dust and chemical fumes.

* Premature baby deliver leads to chronicall diseases.

* Inherited factors

* smoking cigar,pipe etc.

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