Approximately 100,000 species of protists have boon identified and classified Mo

Question

Approximately 100,000 species of protists have boon identified and classified Most taxonomists. however, believe that this number is low and that many thousands more await discovery by humans. Explain why you think it is so hard to find new species of protists. List functions of the following Pseudopodia, chloroplast, stigma, holdfast, cilia, food vacuole, contractile vacuole. Suppose that as the result of extensive pollution to the ocean, kelp forests are killed Explain how this would affect not only kelp populations, but also many other forms of marine life. Why are protozoa not classified into the animal kingdom? List 2 reasons Answer Why are algae not classified into the plant kingdom? List 2 reasons. List 3 ways humans and Paramecium differ. Protozoa are: Heterotrophic or Autotrophic? Define your answer. If both protozoa and most bacteria are single-celled and heterotrophic, why are they classified into separate kingdoms? Explain. Paramecium possesses unique organelles called Find out what these are and their function. Suppose that as a result of a genetic mutation a particular freshwater protozoan loses the use of its contractile vacuole. Is this organism likely to survive, reproduce, and pass this characteristic on to its offspring? Explain.

Explanation / Answer

1. While discovering protists, scientists have given them one kingdom that to not very distinct, still there is so much revision to be done from scientific world and as protists inlucde many variety of organisms it is hard to find and classify them. The evolutionary relationship among huge group of organism is yet to be done with distinct class, so there is much more confusion finding and classifying them into the kingdom of Protists.

2. Pseudopodia : Amoeboid cells have potrusion from their body for movement, these are temporary body projections thus known as pseudopodia.

Flagella: Singular form flagellum used in locomotion in many protozoa's, these are whip-like structures that allows a cell to move.

Chloroplast: These are the plastids in green plant contains chlorophyll (green component) which helps in photosynthesis.

Stigma: This a plant portion, especially a portion of flower, a part of the pistil where pollen germinates.

Holdfast: This is a clamp or a staple used by the aquatic organisms like an algae or other plants.

cilia: SIngular cilium is an organelle prsesent in eukaryotic cells. These are very slender and more thinner than a fflagellum, helps in movement in a microorganism.

Food vacuole: Digestive vacuoles are generally found in parasites that causes malaria, these are cell organells.

Contractile vacuole: These are protozoan excretion vacuole, they use it for excess lequid to expell out of body by contraction.

3. Kelp forests are formed in shallow water and these are underwater ecosystem, here dense growth of several different species grows. Mostly brown algaes are present here. This ecosystem help protects oceans from high tides, it can influence coastal oceanographic patterns and also provide many ecosystem services. Thus it is evident if kelp forests disappears it will hugely affect the oceanic life, and especially the marine life of other species. This is also the harvour for many species, they will lose their home, more warm water or high tide would obstruct marine life, also these ecosystem engineers are very important, without them the marine life will be hampered.

4. 1969 unicellular organisms are taken under Whittaker's system of classification as unicellular organism. As protozoa are single celled they differ from multicellular animal species.

5. Algae as a completely different organisms have many distinctive features to identify them as separated from that of plant species. Algae do not develop from a multicellular embryo and even oon mature form they are simple, not very complex like plants. Algae are developed into a simple form of transporattion where as plants have specialized tissues for transport mechanism. Even the cell wall of algae is having alginic acid and agar while that of plants are cellulose, also the form of food reserve is different. Algae plastids are not very wide ranging, while plants do. Finally algae and plants have similarities, still differs so much, thus they have given a different place in classification.

6. i) Paramecium is a cell celled protozoan, humans are multicellular, ii) Paramecium have macro and micro nucleus, while humans have complex eukaruotic single nucleus, iii) It has cilia all over its body, human's lack.

7. protozoa's also known as animal like protists ingest or absorb their foods, so they are heterotrophs, on the other hand autotrophs like algae, they make their own food through photosynthesis.

8. protozoa's are eukaryotes while bacteria's are prokaryotic in nature. So both having heterotrophic system and single celled structure actually they are different, as protozoa's are more like humans as eukaryotes and bacteri's are prokaryotes.

9. Trichocyst: these are rod-like structures (an organelle) containing a protrusible filament, these are numerously present and generally found near the surface of ciliates and dinoflagellates. It can be found in Tetrahymena . These are also severa types. Exact function is not well defined, but in case of Paramecium they are useful as anchor during their feeding.

10. Contractile vacuole throws away excess water, it the function is lost due to mutation then there are chances that cell has to balance between the water that is coming inside and to throw it away. They are osmoregulatory, they would hamper the whole system, it might rehydrate the system more, so other function would be hampered as well. Thus reproduction and digestion all other activities would be obstructed. The organism may not survive.

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