PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS Let\'s compare electrical and gravitational forces. Well b

Question

PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS Let's compare electrical and gravitational forces. Well begin this comparison with the familiar expression of the Coulomb force exerted on charge 1 by charge 2 4192 where k i a constant that cqual 9,0h10 Nm'c 92 Charles Coulomb did his experimental investigations of this force in the 18th century by exploring the forces between two small charged spheres. Much later, in the 20th century Coulomb's law enabled scientists to design cyclotrons and other types of accelerators for moving charged particles in circular orbits at high speeds. Newton's discovery of the universal law of gravitation came the other way around. He thought about orbits first. This was back in the 17th century, long before Coulomb began his studies. A statement of Newton's universal law of gravitation describing the force experienced by mass 1 due to the presence of mass 2 is shown below in modern mathematical notation, where G is equal to 6.67 × 10-11 N m2/kg" A fact emerges that is quite amazing. Both types of forces, electrical and gravitational, are very similar and essentially the same mathematics can be used to describe orbital and linear motions from either electrical or gravitational interactions of the tiniest fundamental particles or the largest galaxies. 5-2 Copyright, 1993 Dickinson College, Tufts University, University of Oregon F8F9 FIO, F11 F12 * PrtScr Insert 6 7 8 9 0

Explanation / Answer

1.   The same thing about the two force laws is that both of hem follow inverse square law, and both of them are proportional to the product of a fundamental measurable quantity on each object. Moreover, both forces are vectors and are directed aling the line joining the centers of two bodies.

The difference is the relative magnitude of forces for differnt values of distnace between them. Gravitational force on one hand is a stronger force for larger masses and longer distances. Electrostatic force on the other hand is strong for low charges in small distances. Also, given two different kinds of fundamental charges, the electrostatic force can be attractive as well as repulsove, where as the gravitational force is always attractive

So the force between two masses is always attractive, whereas the force on same charges is repulsive anbd unlike charges is attractive

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