Psychrophilic bacteria are These whose optimal growth temperatures range from -1
ID: 167781 • Letter: P
Question
Psychrophilic bacteria are These whose optimal growth temperatures range from -15 and 10 degree C. the membrane phospholipids of these bacteria have been shown to be predominantly cis-unsaturated. Additionally, the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids are shorter than These observed in bacteria adapted to warmer temperatures. Explain why both characteristics would be essential adaptations for survival in a cold environment. Some bacterial infections of the intestinal tract irritate intestinal cells and reduces their ability to bring in digesting food. Such a condition is often accompanied by diarrhea. Based upon your understanding of the flow of water by osmosis, explain why diarrhea may occur in such infections. Note that this question is not asking about any aspects of a signal transduction pathway.Explanation / Answer
Answer 1 :
1. Psychrophiles are adapted in low temperatures because they adapt their membranes, proteins, and enzymes.
2. Psychrophiles usually produce antifreeze proteins (AFPs) to defend their cells. AFPs can interact with ice nuclei and inhibit the ice growth, resulting lowering freezing in a non-colligative manner.
3. Psychrophiles are capable of preserving their metabolic reactions utilize their adapted enzymes. These enzymes tend to lower the intramolecular interactions for growth and flexibility. As a consequences, those enzymes are able to perform high catalytic activity at low temperatures.
4. Reduced membrane fluidity results in decreased membrane permeability and adversely influences the delivery of vitamins and waste throughout the membrane.
5. The ability of psychrophiles to activate at low temperatures is due to variations in cellular proteins and lipids that shape a barrier between the cytoplasm and the extreme surroundings and useful for membrane fluidity.
Answer 2:
Osmosis is the movement of water throughout a membrane and naturally occurs to acheive homeostasis.
When concentrated substance is consumed, which can't be absorbed, this substance pulls water from intestinal mucosa and bloodstream and into the lumen of bowels causing it to be watery .
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