The pancreatic serine proteases all hydrolyze peptide bonds. Name each and tell

Question

The pancreatic serine proteases all hydrolyze peptide bonds. Name each and tell what each enzyme is specific for: 1) 2) 3) 2. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) used to be a major cause of fetal loss and death among newborn babies. What is the cause of the jaundice? What technique or treatment is administered to babies with only slightly elevated serum bilirubin? What procedure is given to babies with higher bilirubin results (more severe jaundice)? 3. How do blood glucose test strips (for diabetes) work? 4. Since cholesterol cannot dissolve in blood, it is transported by carriers known as lipoproteins These molecules are made of lipids (fats) and proteins.) What is the Difference between 'Bad Cholesterol and Good Cholesterol and what is the function of a triglyceride...if any? 5. What is beta-carotene? Who crystallized it and when? What is the chemical formula of beta-carotene and when was it discovered? The human body converts beta- carotene into which vitamin? What is that vitamin necessary for? 6. What is ketoacidosis aka as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? DKA may develop in less than 24 hours. DKA usually occurs in people with type 1 diabetes but may occur in those with type 2 diabetes if someone does not manage his/her diet. What is ketosis? Name 3 ways a person can go into ketosis? Higher than usual levels of occur in the urine. List 6-8 symptoms a person having ketoacidosis will exhibit.

Explanation / Answer

1. The serine protease are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins, in which serine serves ae the nucleophilic amino acid at the active site. The enzymes are further categorized based on their substrate specificity:-

Trypsin Like- Trypsin like proteases cleave the peptide bonds following a positively charged amino acid. This specificity is driven by the residue, lying at the base of the S1 pocket of the enzyme.
Chymotrypsin like-Chymoptrypsin like penzymes are more hydrophobic than the trypsin like proteases, thus resulting in the specificity for medium to large sized hydrophobic residues such as Tyrposine, phenylalanine and tryptophan.

Elastase like-They have a much smaller S1 cleft than the trypsin like or Chymotrypsin like proteases. Alanine, Glycine and valine tend to be preferred.

2- The liover of the new born babiea are not fully developed, and so its less effective in processing the bilirubin and removing it from the blood.This means that the level of bilirubon in the babies can be twice more as that of the adults.The treatment for mild jaundice is unnecessary as it tends to disappear on its own within two weeks. The treatment in case the Bilirubin levels are is POHOTOTHERAPY-treatment by light rays. The baby is put inder a special light, covered by a plastic shield to filter out UV light, that manipulates the structure of the bilirubin molecule, so that they can be excreted. Sometimes the Light emitting mattress is used under the baby.usually the baby is naked only wearing protective eye patches. tghe other methodes used if the PHOTHERAPY does not decrease the bilirubin levels are :- EXCHANGE BLOOD TRANSGFUSION AND INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN.

3- When we take the blood sample on the Strip, then the device called the Glucose Meter is used to measure the glucose.In each strip there is a chemical called GLUCOSE OXIDASE. As soon as the blood is taken in the strip the Glucose oxidase reacts with the glucose in the blood sample and form GLUCONIC ACID.This can now read how much glucose is present in the sample of the blood in the testing strip, and the number is relayed on the screen of the meter.

4- HDL "good cholesterol" takes the bad cholesterol from the blood anf keeps it from building up in the arteries, whuile the LDL-bad cholesterol deposits the cholesterol on the walls of the arteries. It becones oxidized, damages the lining of the arteries and thus setting the stage for mineral and fat deposits. Trigklycerides providr the body with energy, but the main funcyion is to store energy for later use.

5- Beta carotene is organic, strongly colored red orange pigment abundant in plansts and fruits. Its the precursor to Vitamin A. The chemical formula is C40H56. The structure was deduced by Paul Karrer in 1930.Wachenroder crystallized it in 1831. Vutamion A Retinol is used for vision, haelthy skin, and the immunity system.

6- DKA-its a life threatnening condition, that may arise when the cells in the body does not require the glucose (sugar) which is needed for energy, as there is no insulin. When the sugar cannot get into the cell it remains in the blood, the kidneys remove it from the body. When the cells does not receive sugar, the body breaks the fats and muscle for energy. When this happens Ketones or fatty acids are produged and enyter the blood stream,causing metabolic acidosis, called DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS.

SYMPTOMS ARE-

a. Flused, hot , dry skin

b-blurred vision

c-feeling of thirst

d-excess micturition

e-Drowsiness

f-rapid or deep breathing

g-A strong fruity breath/odor

h-loss of appetite

i-vomiting

Three ways to go into ketosis are:-

i. Eating a low card diet

ii.inclusion of coconut ooil

iii.Increase of healthy fat intake.

sugar.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse T
• Subjects

---

---

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.