QUESTION 9 Hair cells of the lateral line, ear, and electroreceptors are compris

Question

QUESTION 9

Hair cells of the lateral line, ear, and electroreceptors

are comprised of hair, rod, and cone cells.

are functioning like sustentacular cells to keep the sensory epithelium refreshed.

are specialized epithelial cells that use cilia to move the cupula orienting toward sensory signals in the environment.

are another example of modified epithelial cells that respond to stimuli by releasing a chemical transmitter.

10 points   

QUESTION 10

A major distinction between Neuromasts and Electroreceptors is

the role played for orientation and movement.

the inclusion of hair cells even though they might have different receptor cell specializations.

innervation via the anterior lateral linie nerve

the central termination in the lateral line lobe.

are comprised of hair, rod, and cone cells.

are functioning like sustentacular cells to keep the sensory epithelium refreshed.

are specialized epithelial cells that use cilia to move the cupula orienting toward sensory signals in the environment.

are another example of modified epithelial cells that respond to stimuli by releasing a chemical transmitter.

Explanation / Answer

Ans for Q9: for this answer will all the options are appliable for this

Ans for Q10: the role played ofr orientation and movement

.to better under stand below mentioned data will be useful

Lateral line system, that serves to detect movements and pressure changes in the surrounding water. It is made up of a series of mechanoreceptors called neuromasts (lateral line organs) arranged in an interconnected network along the head and body.

Neuromasts are made up of a cluster of sensory and support cells encapsulated within a jellylike sheath called the cupula. Each sensory cell, or hair cell, bears several small cilia, and each cilium may be stimulated by water movement or pressure from a single direction. The lateral line system allows the fish to determine the direction and rate of water movement. The fish can then gain a sense of its own movement, that of nearby predators or prey, and even the water displacement of stationary objects.

Electroreceptors are a specialization of the lateral-line system is the formation in several groups of fish of deeply buried, single electrically sensitive organs. In the elasmobranchs (e.g., sharks and rays), such organs are found on the head and are called ampullae of Lorenzini.

Electroreceptors provide a low-resistance pathway for current to flow from the external environment to a sensory epithelium containing cells with voltage-sensitive proteins known as ion channels in their membranes. As a sensory cell takes in positive ions as a result of voltage-induced ion channel stimulation, its polarization state shifts and briefly reverses, resulting in the generation of an action potential. The action potential produces a nerve impulse that travels to the brain, causing a behavioral response in the animal.

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