Which of the following is an extrinsic signal the body can use to increase cardi

Question

Which of the following is an extrinsic signal the body can use to increase cardiac output? a. decrease parasympathetic activity b. decrease sympathetic activity c. vasodilate peripheral arterials d. release less norepinephrine e. secrete less epinephrine If curve B in the figure to the right is that of a normally functioning heart, what could explain the cause of curve A? a. decreased contractility of the heart (b) increased sympathetic activity c. increased parasympathetic activity d. congestive heart failure e. decreased venous return Which of the following is NOT used to control the flow of blood through the arteries? a. hormones (e.g. epinephrine or vasopressin) b. neuronal innervation (e.g. sympathetic) c. paracrine agents (e.g. nitric oxide or prostaglandin) d. metabolic by-products (e.g. O_2 or CO_2) e. all of the above are used What is most responsible for the absorption of interstitial fluid by the values? a. proteins are present in the blood that are not present in the interstitial space b. the osmotic pressure has changed dramatically between the arteries and the veins c. the hydrostatic pressure in the veins has dropped below that of the interstitial space d. filtration has dramatically increased the hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial space e. the headache that this question is causing increases net absorption rates

Explanation / Answer

13. The answer is (A) since out of parasympathetic and sympathetic effects it is the parasympathetic tone which keeps the heart rate down.

15. The answer is (E) because all of these factors are used either to increase or decrease the blood flow through arteries.

16. The answer is (C) since as the hydrostatic pressure drops, at the venule end the interstitial fluid moves in.

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