Question 24 Why are spent fuel rods highly radioactive? What does a cancer slope

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Question 24

Why are spent fuel rods highly radioactive? What does a cancer slope factor represent? 20 additional cancers were observed over course of peoples' lifetime in a population of 10 million. What is the ILCR for that cancer? Is cancer a "chronic" disease outcome, or an "acute" disease outcome, and why? If the ILCR exactly doubles as the dose doubles, does this mean the toxicology model is near no threshold" or "linear with threshold". Why? The dose of carcinogen A to a population is is 1 mg/kg-day. The cancer slope factor is 0.0005 (mg/kg-day) What is the ILCR? Is the above ILCR considered a generally acceptable level of risk? Why/Why not? For the preceding problem, if the population size is 500,000, how many additional cancers will there be over the course of the lifetimes of the people in that population? If you took a million people and bruised their hand each in exactly the same way, is it possible that you would induce a few cases of some kind of cancer by so doing? Why/why not. Let's say you are reading about a study of the effects of hexavalent chromium on the organism daphnia, where the study was exposing the organisms to 1 mg/L for 3 days and observing their ability to swim. Are you reading about a chronic endpoint or an acute endpoint?

Explanation / Answer

When the effect of hexavalent chromium on the orgainism daphnia which is a aquatic animal is studied and is exposed to 1mg/l for 3 days , we can say that the endpoint chronic or an acute endpoint will be dependent on the % mortality that has occured to the organism. Due to chromium the swimming velocitiy will be decreased to a great extent by the amount of content it is exposed to and also the time being 72 hours.

Also, for 1mg/l concentration and time period 3 days, it is possible that there will be muscle skeletal spasm and sympathatic nervous system activation. While chronic endpoint results when there is a lon term exposure of the contaminant. When the life time span will be reduced to a grater extent then it will be inclined to chronic endpoint i.e, towards the diseased state else it will be acute endpoint.

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