read the lab and write what is the Materials that used and write about paragraph

Question

read the lab and write what is the Materials that used and write about paragraph about the Methods.

Please write in word for good rate so i can read. *NO hand Writing*

Lab 3: Evaluating the Acid Neutralization Capacity (ANC) of Acids and Bases OBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the change in pH of water as a function of the concentration of a strong acid or base and to observe the effects of buffering on water and wastewater treatment PROCEDURE The experiment will be conducted by groups of not fewer than three, nor more than five st group instead). The pH of the water will be measured and recorded udents. Each will set up a beaker containing 2 liters of distilled water (the Instructor may choose to use tap water, Nitric acid w into the beaker contents. The pH will be measured after each addition and recorded. Immediately prior to adding the next mL of acid, the volume of water in the beaker will be reduced by 1 mL so that the contents are always within 1 mL of being exactly 2 liters ill then be added slowly to the beaker in quantities of 1 mL at a time, and completely mixed When the pH reaches 2.0 or less, or 15 mL of acid have been added, whichever occurs first, the experiment will be stopped. All the data will be plotted on a graph with the concentration of acid (mL/L) plotted on the x-axis versus pH on the y-axis. Note the molality of the acid being used and the molality of the resulting concentrations A second beaker containing 2 liters of distilled water will be treated with sodium hydroxide using 5 mg/L of sodium hydroxide per addition, stirring well, then checking the pH and recording the data When the pH of this mixture reaches 12.0 or higher, or 15 additions of NaOH have been made, whichever occurs first, the experiment will be ended. All the data will be plotted on a graph of the concentration of sodium hydroxide (mg/L) on the x-axis versus pH on the y-axis. Note the molality of the concentrations Based on the volume of acid added to the first beaker, a ma of the first beaker to the original pH will be calculated. Note that this is a molar balancing calculation ss of sodium hydroxide needed to reduce the pH roxide added to the second beaker, a volume of nitric acid Similarly, based on the mass of sodium hyd necessary to lower the pH in that beaker to the original pH will be calculated. This calculation is also a molar balancing The beakers will be emptied in the container designated for that purpose by the Professor, the cleaned and returned to the storage area designated by the Professor n carefully Laboratory reports will be prepared for this experiment using the format provided in class. Each studer ill prepare his/her own lab report. Lab reports are due at the beginning of the following lab session

Explanation / Answer

Materials used-----

Summary

Here pH is being measured wrt acids and bases. For that initially 2litres of distilled water is added in a beaker and then 1ml of nitric acid is added to it. (Note- Before every addition of acid in the beaker, 1ml of liqiud is removed from beaker so that even after addition of acid the volume doesnot exceed 2litres) . After addition and mixing of acid,. pH is measured and recorded. The process is repeated till ph obtained is 2.0 or total 15ml of acid has been added,whichever is achieved earlier.

Again the process is repeated with 2litres of distilled and sodium hydroxide instead of nitric acid. Dose of addition NaOH is 5mg/l. Again note the pH and continue to do so untill 15 additions or a ph of 12 is achieved whichever is earlier.

Now the important step- based on the volume of acid consumed in first beaker, an equivalent mass of sodiuum hydroxide is calculated to lower the pH to initial value.

Similrly based on the amount of sodium hydroxide consumed, an equivalent volume of the nitric acid is calculated to reduce the pH to initial level. This is called Molar balancing.

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