I need help with problem 6.3 for Unsaturated Soil Mechanics. Please, show all st
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I need help with problem 6.3 for Unsaturated Soil Mechanics. Please, show all steps. I appreciate your help!! I need help with problem 6.3 for Unsaturated Soil Mechanics. Please, show all steps. I appreciate your help!! 63. A series of direct shear tests was conducted to determine the unsaturated shear strength properties of a glacial till. Results are shown in Table 6.8 Determine the internal friction angle ?, and cohesion c, at saturation, the effective stress parameter as a function of saturation and matric suc- tion, and the suction stress characteristic curve, x(ua w) versus S. Plot matric suction, the effective stress parameter, and suction stress as func- tions of the degree of saturation. TABLE 6.8 Direct Shear Testing Results for Problem 6.3 Ma (kPa) 50 25 25 25 (kPa) 33.31 21.66 40.5 50.33 59.72 74.36 85.11 100.91 110.24 Test (kPa) 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.15 0.12 0.1 0 0 50 100 150 250 350 500 1000 4 25 25 turated triaxial tests were conducted on aExplanation / Answer
DIRECT SHEAR TEST
Objective
To determine the shearing strength of the soil using the direct shear apparatus.
NEED AND SCOPE
In many engineering problems such as design of foundation, retaining walls, slab bridges, pipes, sheet piling, the value of the angle of internal friction and cohesion of the soil involved are required for the design. Direct shear test is used to predict these parameters quickly. The laboratory report cover the laboratory procedures for determining these values for cohesionless soils.
PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION
Apparatus
1. Direct shear box apparatus
2. Loading frame (motor attached).
3. Dial gauge.
4. Proving ring.
5. Tamper.
6. Straight edge.
7. Balance to weigh upto 200 mg.
8. Aluminum container.
9. Spatula.
KNOWLEDGE OF EQUIPMENT:
Strain controlled direct shear machine consists of shear box, soil container, loading unit, proving ring, dial gauge to measure shear deformation and volume changes. A two piece square shear box is one type of soil container used.
A proving ring is used to indicate the shear load taken by the soil initiated in the shearing plane.
PROCEDURE
1. Check the inner dimension of the soil container.
2. Put the parts of the soil container together.
3. Calculate the volume of the container. Weigh the container.
4. Place the soil in smooth layers (approximately 10 mm thick). If a dense sample is desired tamp the soil.
5. Weigh the soil container, the difference of these two is the weight of the soil. Calculate the density of the soil.
6. Make the surface of the soil plane.
7. Put the upper grating on stone and loading block on top of soil.
8. Measure the thickness of soil specimen.
9. Apply the desired normal load.
10.Remove the shear pin.
11. Attach the dial gauge which measures the change of volume.
12. Record the initial reading of the dial gauge and calibration values.
13. Before proceeding to test check all adjustments to see that there is no connection between two parts except sand/soil.
14. Start the motor. Take the reading of the shear force and record the reading.
15.Take volume change readings till failure.
16. Add 5 kg normal stress 0.5 kg/cm2 and continue the experiment till failure
17. Record carefully all the readings. Set the dial gauges zero, before starting the experiment
DATA CALCULATION SHEET FOR DIRECT SHEAR TEST
Normal stress 0.5 kg/cm2 L.C=....... P.R.C=.........
0
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Normal stress 1.0 kg/cm2 L.C=....... P.R.C=........
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Normal stress 1.5 kg/cm2 L.C=....... P.R.C=........
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OBSERVATION AND RECORDING
Proving Ring constant....... Least count of the dial........
Calibration factor.......
Leverage factor........
Dimensions of shear box 60 x 60 mm
Empty weight of shear box........
Least count of dial gauge.........
Volume change.......
Normal load (kg)
Normal stress(kg/cm2)
load x leverage/Area
Normal stress(kg/cm2)
load x leverage/Area
Shear stress proving Ring reading x calibration / Area of container
1
2
3
Horizontal Gauge Reading(1) Vertical Dial gauge Reading
(2) Proving ring Reading
(3) Hori.Dial gauge Reading Initial reading div. gauge
(4) Shear deformation Col.(4) x Leastcount of dial
(5) Vertical gauge reading Initial Reading
(6) Vertical deformation= div.in col.6 xL.C of dial gauge
(7) Proving reading Initial reading
(8) Shear stress = div.col.(8)x proving ring constant Area of the specimen(kg/cm2)
(9)
0
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