Preamble There are various type of large bridges provided on railroads around th

Question

Preamble
There are various type of large bridges provided on railroads around the world, which has their own set of advantages and disadvantages. Truss bridge design are among the oldest types of bridge design concept are adopted all around the world and regarded as state-of-the-art technology. The linked elements that are normally straight are to be designed to withstand either tensile or compressive stresses but in most of the cases both, in order to handle live loads. In fact, these bridges have a unique ability to take compression and tension more than any other bridge design concept.
In this context, debate on the following topic: “Truss bridges are most appropriate for construction of long span rail bridges’’
Your debate should include
A.1.1. Description of different types of Trusses used for rail roads
A.1.2. Advantages and disadvantages of Truss Bridges
A.1.3. Justification of stance taken
A.1.4. Conclusion

NOTE - Sir please solve this question. It is my assignment problem of 10 marks so please give answer like that sir i want detailed answer and all the part should answered and explain each and every part i am sending this question for the 2nd time last time i didnt get complete answer .please give me best solution of it
Thankyou so mch.

Explanation / Answer

There are many types of trusses used in railroads-Basic types of truss:

Simple – A truss created from the single triangle, often used for building lighter roofs, supporting ceiling structures, or providing strength to the metal frame of bicycles (the core of every modern bicycle design is a single triangle between seating position, pedals and handles.

Planar – By connecting more truss triangles, we get planar structures that share the load that is placed on them. Most commonly, the planar design consists of the single repeating pattern and are most commonly used fro building of roofs and bridges.

Space Frame – Truss designs can also be made in 3 dimensions, with tetrahedron being the most simple and commonly used of space truss. It consists of six distinct elements that that meat at four joints. The mesh of space frame elements is most commonly used in the construction of “floors” built on top of just a few load bearing points that need to carry very large weight on top of them.

Truss Types-

Allan truss-Alan truss designs multiply the number of Howe trusses, enabling the creation of much longer bridges that are supported by one or more support points.

Baltimore truss-A variation of Pratt trusses that utilizes an additional bracing in the lower sections of the bridge truss network. It is used mostly for carrying rail transport.

Bollman truss – Very rare truss type that survives today in the only bridge of its design left standing. Bollman Truss Railroad Bridge in Savage, Maryland features revolutionary all-metal design.

Howe truss - A very popular truss type in which features triage diagonals that slope upward toward the center. Many smaller bridges and architectural solutions for homes feature this simple design.

Warren truss – A very simple truss design that consists of two parallel chords and equally sized triangles placed in between. This effective design is popular not only in construction but also in production countless other machines and systems. For example, early two-winged airplanes used lightweight Warren truss mesh to reinforce the structure of the wings.

Parker truss – This is a very popular truss design that instead of the smooth arch features rigged arch that directly connects the edges of the truss mesh. It closely resembles bowstring arch truss. It is also known as camelback truss design.

Advantage and Disadvantage of truss bridge-

Advantages-

Extremely strong

The structure of interconnecting triangles means that the load-bearing capacity of truss bridges is huge. The structure effectively manages both compression and tension, by spreading out the load from the roadway throughout its intricate structure. This means that no one part of the structure is carrying a disproportionate amount of weight. Sort of a ‘chain is only as strong as its weakest link’ type of situation.

Uses materials effectively-While the truss bridge has many, many linked parts to make up its structure—its use of materials is extremely effective. Materials such as wood, iron and steel are all utilised to their highest potential, and every piece plays a role. The building of a large truss bridge can be a very economical option, when compared to other bridge designs.

Withstands extreme conditions-Where other bridges such as beam and arch bridges may not be a viable option, truss bridges come into their own. They are able to span great lengths, and often used in precarious locations such as deep ravines between mountaintops. You’ll regularly see truss bridges in use throughout mountainous areas to carry railways.

Roadways built on to the structure-Unlike other bridge designs, the truss bridge is able to carry its roadway on its structure. The load can be carried above (deck truss), along the middle (through truss) or on a bottom truss, which sits below the major truss structure. The options make the truss bridge both versatile and economical to build.

Disadvantages-

Requires a lot of space-The structure of a truss bridge is, by design, large. The interconnecting triangular components need to be large in order to bear and distribute heavy loads. This means that in certain restricted spaces, the truss bridge may not be the best option.

High maintenance costs-Economies of scale! The truss bridge uses a LOT of parts. Each of these are relatively light, and used effectively within the design, which means that if you’re building a huge truss bridge it is economically sensible. However—the maintenance costs of so many parts can be expensive.

They’re heavy-Because truss bridges are so large, and use a lot of materials, they are heavy. Depending on the landscape supporting the bridge, some reinforcement may be necessary to cope with the weight. There may be other bridge options such as suspension or beam bridges, which might be more suitable, if your landscape can’t support a truss bridge.

3.Justification-Uses of different type of truss bridge have advantages as well as disadvantage but i consider truss structure are more convenient and required less maintenance.

Truss structure give us high strength and durability.Truss is better option when you need maintenance

and truss structure give asthetic view also.

Gives desirable property of structure

Strength of structure

Duarbility of structure

Less maintenance

4.Conclusion-Transport system experienced rapid devlopment during lastest period.A large no os dteel bridges were build especially in begging of previous century and therefore now approaching their 100th birthday.Also the foreseen the large traffic is increasing on these structure because of large no of bridge.The railways predominantly tens to extand the life of bridge as long as economically and technically justified.

The maority of truss structure are welded steel structure have been build mid of this period.Truss brudge taken into account all the economic aspects,cost effectiveness of actual investment.

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