1.) Candidiasis can affect different mucocutaneous regions of the human body. Wh
ID: 176370 • Letter: 1
Question
1.) Candidiasis can affect different mucocutaneous regions of the human body. What predisposes a person to this type of mycosis? What is the term often used when referring to candidiasis of the mouth and tongue? Vaginal area in a woman?
2.)Choose one subcutaneous mycosis and present in detail various aspects of both disease. in your response, include the part of the body affected, common symptoms, the etiological agents, predisposing conditions that may lead to the disease, sources of infections, methods of diagnosis, identifying characteristics of the pathogen, preferred method of treatment, and other interesting facts
Explanation / Answer
1.Candida albicans is the causative agent of Candidiasis. Immunocompromised persons get candidiasis. People who are on corticosteroid therapy, excessive antibiotics and chemotherapy can get candidiasis.
Candidiasis of the mouth and tongue is called Oral Thrush. Candidiasis of va gina is called Candidal vulvovaginitis.
2.Mycetoma is one of the commonest subcutaneous mycoses.
Part of the body affected : Legs and hands
Common symptoms :
Presents as slowly progressive, painless, subcutaneous swelling, usually
firm & rounded but may be soft, lobulated, rarely cystic & mobile on palpation
Multiple secondary nodules – may suppurate – multiple sinus tracts
Sinus tracts keep healing & developing at the same time
Discharge – serous/ serosanguinous/ purulent
Grains discharged during the active phase
Causative agents : Madurella mycetomatis, Acremonium strictum, Actinomadura madurae, Aspergillus nidulans, Noetestudina rosatii.
Source of infection : Soil
Predisposing factors : Manual labor workers working in the agricultural fileds, without footwear are predisposing factors. Diabetes aggreviates the infection.
Diagnosis : Radiological examinatin shows multiple bony cavities, calcification of fascial planes
Ultrasonography helps differentiate eumycetoma and actinomycetoma
Microbiological examination by collecting pus/granules/exudates/biopy is done.
Granules are crushed and stained with variety of staining techniques like Grams stainin, Kinyouns modified acid fast staining, LPCB .
Tissue sections can be stained by H&E, GMS staining methods.
SAmples can be cultured in Saborauds Dextrose Agar medium and observe the colony morpology to identify the organism causing mycetoma.
Serological techniques like PCR is also employed.
Treatment : Surgery is the most preffered treatment. Antifungals like Ketaconazole, Itraconazole are to be used fr prolonged periods.
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