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http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0086046

QUESTIONS ARE SHORT ANSWER AND IN YOUR OWN SIMPLE WORDS (dont answer yes or no, elaborate in a few sentences)

Evaluate the title and running head. Is it clear what this study addresses?

1.Introduction. Is the context of this study clearly stated?

2.Does the literature cited provide useful background information (based on the titles, I don’t expect you to read the cited papers)? State the purpose of the study, or (preferably) the hypothesis or hypotheses tested in this study.

3.Summarize the key results, citing the text, tables, and/or figures in which these results are shown. Direct quotes are usually not necessary or helpful. Are the results presented clearly and concisely?

4. Did the discussion help you to interpret the results? Did the discussion provide enough information to convince you that the results are significant? Did the authors present the place their work holds in the research area they addressed? Did they address issues that might weaken their conclusions? Did they include a lot of chest pounding (this work is so important…), claims of priority (for the very first time…), networking (in collaboration with [insert famous name]), or other nonsense that detracts from a clear presentation?

5. State the conclusion or conclusions of the study clearly and concisely.

Explanation / Answer

Yes. This study addresses the various factors which plavces the inmates of the prisons in tajikistan at the risk of active pulmonary TB.

1. The context of the study is very much clear. In the Republic of Tajikistan, the prevalance of TB is more than the GDP, which was among one of the lowest among the Soviet Republic. The multi drug resistance TB is much more prevalent. Many factors which contribute to the rise in TB are HIV Infections, poor hygiene anf less of supplemental food apart form the scheduled meals.

2. It was an observational study, where no experiments were carried out, rather the observations were made. Purpose of the study was to see the reason for the prevalance of the active pulmonary TB in the prison inmates. The hypothesis which were used was that the prolonged incarceratiob and exposure to the infected inmates was a reason for prevalance of TB. Moreover as the civil war broke out, and the GDP fell down therefore the people migrated to different areas of central asia and Soviet union for work, which increased the rate of HIV, which again became a co-factor or the TB infection.

3. Result

Total participant-1350, declined 33, therefore total participants were 1317, all male, age-19-71, median age 36.

Majority were Tajiks and had completed the secondary schooling.

59-active TB cases wre identified. Of these, 36 smear positive, sputum positive-16, 47-radiographic finding suggesting TB.

Majority of the participants thought that one of the inmates they lived with had TB in the past three months.

Access to supplemental nutrition was less than once per month-lead to more prevalanr chance of TB.

Incidence of HIV infection was strong as majority had been using drugs and mainly in the form of injectables.

4. Since this was an observational study therefroe the chances of getting a differdnt data fron the experimental study persists. But still the data was convenient to study the prevalance of the disease. Not there was no chest pounding from the authors of the paper.

The issue of HIV infection as the co-factor was an issue which could weaken their observation.

5. It was concluded that HIV infection was associated with the odds of getrting the TB infection. The various policies targetted towards the reduction of the transmission of the HIV infection would help to curb the infection of HIV and through that TB infection too. The inmated who are at risk of contracting the disease should be used so thet the transmission to other inmated should be low. The use of supplemental nutrition shouild be increased.

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