1. a) In step 8 of the procedure, what would you expect to observe, and why? b)
ID: 1770963 • Letter: 1
Question
1.
a) In step 8 of the procedure, what would you expect to observe, and why?
b) What can you conclude from steps 10 and 11?
III. Experimental Procedure Part A: Polarizers I) You will need to determine and mark the polarization of three polarizers. You can use a pair of polarized sunglasses as a known polarizer to compare with the unknown ones. Sunglasses, if properly constructed, have vertical polarization. Use the polarizer to look at several LCD screens (calculator, watch, etc) and record your observations. Next, place two polarizers together, and shine a light source through them. Tum the analyzer so that the most light is transmitted. Then, turm the analyzer so that the least amount of light is transmitted Measure and record the angle through which you turned the analyzer. 2) 3) 4) Now orient the analyzer again so that the maximum amount of light is transmitted. Place a light sensor to read the intensity of light transmitted through the analyzer. Record the reading on the light sensor. Then, turn the analyzer 15 Record the light sensor reading. Continue turning the analyzer, taking a reading every 15° Now, take three polarizers. Use the first one as a polarizer as a vertical polarizer Next place the next two polarizers in horizontal polarization mode. Now, turn the center polarizer through an angle of 360 degrees, leaving the first polarizer vertical and the last one horizontal. Record your observations. Determine the angle(s) for the center polarizer that produces the maximum transmission. 5) Part B: Polarization by Reflection 6) Stand a thick glass plate on its edge (like you did in the reflection lab) Direct a light from a light source onto the glass plate Look at the glass plate through a polarizer. Rotate the polarizer. Determine the minimum angle that causes the light to be reflected polarized. Record this angle. 7 Next, adjust the angle to be greater than the Brewster angle. Verily that the reflected light is polarized. Then, look at the refracted light. Rotate the analyzer Record all of your observationsExplanation / Answer
In step 8, when a light is incident on a surface at brewster angle, the reflected light will be linearly polarised with its electic field in the direction perpendicular to the plane of incidence and parallel to the surface of reflection. so polarization will be parallel to the surface of reflection, this occurs because of incident light when electric field is parallel to the plane of incidence.
in case of refraction from a crystal of double refraction, the light is split into two beams upon entering the crystal. this occurs because of refractive index and there will be change in velocity for the light. both the refracted light beams are polarized one is parallel to the surface and the other perpendicular to it. so when an analyzer is paced in the path of refracting light one can eliminate one light beam entirely by arranging analyzer axis perpendicular to one ray.
in steps 10 and 11, when tape and a polarizer combination is used it obstructs certain colors of light when viewed from a cetain angle if we rotate the other colors are also observed. it is generally polarizing the light when light passes through the cellophene tape.
when seen from a plastic and a polarizer the same effect happens as cellephene tape. plastic polarizes the light and when we bend the plastic the axis of polarization is changed so we will observe different colors other than that we observed in former part.
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