Calculate the number of Calories (kilocalories) in a 2000- and a 2500-Calorie di

Question

Calculate the number of Calories (kilocalories) in a 2000- and a 2500-Calorie diet that should be obtained from protein. The daily values (DV) for fat and carbohydrates and the reference daily intake (RDI) for protein are given in the table below. Daily Value Daily Value Nutrient (2000 Cal diet) (2500 Cal diet) 65 g Fat 80 g Carbohydrates 300 g 375 g 50 g Protein 500 g Keep in mind that fat contains 9 Callg, carbohydrates contain 4 Callg, and protein contains 4 Cal/g. Express your answers to two significant figures. Calories from protein in a 2000-Calorie diet: Number Cal Calories from protein in a 2500-Calorie diet: Number Cal Tools 10

Explanation / Answer

1) Calories from protein in 2000 Cal diet = 200

2) Number of calories from protein in 2500 Cal diet = 200

2000 Cal diet

Nutrient Gram Calories % Cal

Fat 66.7 600 30

Carbohydrate 300 1200 60

Protein 50 200 10

2500 Cal diet

Nurient Gram Calories % Cal

Fat 86.6 800 32

Carbohydrate 375 1500 60

Protein 50 200 8

Number of calories calculated from the multiplying total gram of dietry macromolecule to its reference daily intake. for example in 2000Cal diet , person eaten 50 gm of protein, according to RDI protein provide 4 calories/gm, So, the number of calories from protein is 50 x 4 = 200. Once the number of calories determined, the percentage of calories obtained by dividing number of the calories by the total number of calories.

For example , % calories from protein in 2000Cal diet = 200/2000* 100 = 10%

2) Synthesized by human = Five amino acids are dispensable in humans means synthesized in body and remaining 5 ( cysteine, glycine, glutamine, proline and tyrosine) are conditionally essential in diet due to their synthesis can limited in certain pathophysiological condition. They all are Non-essential amino acids ( alanine, aspargine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, tyrosine) These are the amino acid, human synthesized de novo. one essential amino acid called arginine also synthesized in human body.So, the answer is both.

b) an amino acid synthesized from pyruvate = Both essential (valine, leucine) and nonessential ( alanine) amino acids. The pathway of amino acid synthesis are diverse. nonessential amino acid synthesized by simple reaction whereas essential amino acid synthesis reactions are quite complex.

c) Aspargine = nonessential aminoacid means those amino acid that are synthesized in human body. It is synthesized from oxaloacetate in human. oxaloacetate- aspartate - aspargine.

d) made from aspartate and pyruvate in eleven step pathway = Both essential and nonessential amino acids. It is a citric acid cycle where oxaloacetate form aspartate and from aspartate, aspargine (nonessential), metheonine, threonine, isoleucine and lysine (essential amino acid) from alphaketoglutarate form glutamate amino acid that form glutamine, proline (non essential) arginine (essential). Pyruvate form alanine, valine and leucine.

e) Methionine = a essential amino acid that are supplied in diet. It is synthesized from the oxaloacetate through aspartate in citric acid cycle. It is sulphar containing amino acid.

f) The amino acid that is thioether = Thioether are those amino acid that contain thiol group . it can be oxidized to form disulfides. A nonessential aminoacid cysteine contain a thiol group. This thiol group and disulfide bond essential for protein tertiary structure.

g) Branched chain amino acid = three amino acid valine, isoleucine and leucine. all are essential amino acids. These amino acids have aliphatic side chain. These amino acid body obtained from diet.

h) Obtained from food are essential amino acid. histidine, isoleucine, leucine,lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine. These are the amino acid that never be synthesized in body and consumed from our diet or food only.

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