Q: Parasympathetic neurons are capable of releasing ACH. what type of receptor d

Question

Q: Parasympathetic neurons are capable of releasing ACH. what type of receptor does ACH bind to in TISSUE cells?

A) adrenergic ; beta

B) cholinergic ; muscarinic

C) cholinergic ; nicotinic

D) adrenergic ; alpha

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Q: If a neurotransmitter opens an ion channel on a postsynaptic neuron, it is a _______________ channel.

A) Voltage gated

B) Ligand gated

C) electric gated

D) mechno gated

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Q; Sensory Information traveling in the spinal cord uses _____________ neurons

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 0

E) >5

Explanation / Answer

PARA SYPATHETIC NEURONS:

The para sympathetic neurons are capable of releasing ACh which means acetylcholine. These ACh bind to two types of receptors they are muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Most transmission occurs in two stages when stimulated, the para ganglionic necron releases ACh at the ganglion which acts up on the nicotinic receptors of post ganglionic neurons the post ganglionic neurons than stimulates muscarinic receptors on the target organ.

There are five types of muscarinic receptors:

M1, M2, M3, M4, M5.

M1 located in the neural system.

M2 located in the heart.

M3 located at many places in the body.

M4 located post ganglionic cholinergic nerves and effects CNS.

M4 effects CNS.

So, M4 (muscarinic 4 receptor is located on cholinergic nerves and does acetylcholine bind to tissue cells

NEURO TRANSMITTER:

Neuro transmitter opens an ion channel on a postsynatic neuron it is a ligand gated channel. Ion channel linked receptors are cell membrane bound receptors. They act through synatic signaling on electrically excitable cells whict converts ligands that is chemical signals to electrical ones. Ligands such as (ACh) when ligands bound to the receptor the ion channel portion of the receptor opens allows ion to pass into the cell membrane.

Ion channel linked receptors als.called as ligand gated channels.and mostly located on synaptic structures. When pre synaptic neuron is excited it releases neuro transmitter from vesicles pre loaded with neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. The neuro transmitter then binds to the receptors located on the post synaptic neurons, and opens the on channels, which leads to the flow of ions could flow in.and out basing on the type of receptor.

Then.the potential.of the post synaptic neuron changes. The post synaptic neuron excites when its overall potential reaches the action potenial that is the threshold for the pre synaptic structure to release neurotransmitter to the next related neuron.

Ligands:

1)Agonists.

2)Partial agonists

3)Antagonists

Somatosensory organization:

The information to spinal cord is given by somatosensory organization.

They divided into dorsal column medial lemniscus tact and the antero lateral sytem. Both these pathways use three different neurons to.get information from sensory receptors at the pheriphery to.the cerebral cortex.

These are primary ,secondary and teritiary sensory neurons.

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