After a meal, glucose is transported from the blood into cells. Once in the cell

Question

After a meal, glucose is transported from the blood into cells. Once in the cell, it is quickly metabolized into glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P). Why is this necessary to ensure that glucose continues to be removed from the blood? Explain the effect this metabolism has on mass balance in the body. What happens to the rate of diffusion for a molecule as: The molecular size decreases: The membrane permeability increases: The surface area of the membrane decreases: A normal cell (300 mOsM) is placed in a beaker of D5-normal saline (5% dextrose (300 mOsM) in 0.9% saline (300 mOsM). Recall that salt is nonpenetrating and Identify the relative osmolarity and tonicity of the solution compared to the cell. What will happen to the dextrose when the cell is placed in the solution? Will cell volume change, and, if so, how? Justify your answer. A cell has a membrane potential of -60 mV. Is this cell currently more permeable to K^+ or Na^+? Briefly explain your answer.

Explanation / Answer

Ques-10:

The increased levels of blood glucose concentration further activates the Beta Islets of pancreatic langerhans cells to synthesize and release active insulin into the blood stream to act on the blood glucose levels and to further maintain glucose homeostasis. Increase in the levels of free fatty acid along with triglycerides in obese people leading to low activity of insulin on glucose uptake result in hyperglcymeia in obese people. Glucose homeostasis: glucose is the monomer of carbohydrate and it is going to be converted into glucose-6-phosphate inside the cells of liver and muscles via anaerobic glycolysis to generate energy. This metabolic activity is exergonic spontaneous process useful to oxidize glucose by transporting into GLUT-4 channels using pancereatic insulin of beta-islets secretions. This is resulting reduction in post-prandial glucose mass to achieve equilibrium inside the body. These events are leading to reduction in diabetes and mainlining equilibrium body mass. G-6-P is the initial product produced via phosphorylation in the presence of kinases & it is going to undergo oxidation to generate adequate energy supply to the muscle contraction in the form of ATP thus muscle mass is maintained.

Ques-11:

Molecular size is inversely proportional to rate of diffusion

Molecular size of the molecule is decreases then rate of diffusion increases across the biological molecules as per Fick's law of diffusion & vice versa

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