please only the letter of the correct answer , no explanation needed 36. CASE HI
ID: 181750 • Letter: P
Question
please only the letter of the correct answer , no explanation needed
36. CASE HISTORY
Three-year-old Molly was brought to the emergency department crying. She had a stiff neck and high fever (40 C, or 104 F). Gram stain of her cerebrospinal fluid revealed Gram-positive cocci, generally in pairs. The attending physician diagnosed Molly with meningitis and immediately prescribed intravenous ampicillin. Unfortunately, the child’s condition worsened, so antibiotic treatment was changed to a third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone). Molly began to improve within hours and was released after two days. A report from the clinical microbiology laboratory two days later identified the organism asStreptococcus pneumoniae. The report also included antibiotic susceptibility results, which revealed that this strain of S. pneumoniae was resistant to ampicillin but remained susceptible to cephalosporin.
The first antibiotic used to treat Molly, ampicillin, has activity against both Gram-negative and
Gram-positive bacteria; however, the bacterium that made Molly ill was resistant to this agent. At the time the antibiotic was prescribed, neither the type of agent nor its resistances were known. Based on this information, which of the following is true?
a. Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
b. Gram-positive bacteria are resistant to ampicillin, so it should be used only for
Gram-negative infections.
c. Molly’s illness should have been treated with a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.
d. Molly’s infection is resistant to a broad variety of antibiotics.
COMPLETION: Fill in the blank with the correct word.
________ is the process by which all living cells, spores, and viruses are destroyed on an object.
. ________ is the process of heating foods to a moderately high temperature long enough to kill most heat-resistant, non-spore-forming pathogens known.
The presence of ________ in the bacterial cell wall is one of the mechanisms of antibiotic selective toxicity.
Chapter 26, and Nosocomial/Hospital Acquired Infection Notes
MULTIPLE CHOICE: : Choose the correct letter. There is only one correct answer.
44.Charlotte touches a doorknob after an individual with MRSA touched the doorknob. Immediately after touching the knob, Charlotte scratches her leg and transmits some MRSA cells into a small wound.The doorknob is functioning as a(n)
a. etiologic agent. c. mode of transmission.
b. reservoir. d. host.
44.A man infected with a viral respiratory infection sneezes and releases tiny droplets containing viral particles. Two minutes later, a woman breathes in some of these tiny droplets and becomes infected by the same viral infection. The movement of this virus from one individual to another is best described as the
a. etiologic agent. c. mode of transmission.
b. reservoir. d. host.
45. Although sporadic outbreaks of measles occur in the United States, the disease is considered
nonendemic. What differentiates measles from endemic diseases, such as chickenpox?
a. Endemic diseases exhibit higher numbers of cases than a sporadic outbreak.
b. Diseases that are not endemic lack a reservoir in the area.
c. Endemic diseases do not exhibit sporadic outbreaks.
d. Diseases that are not endemic remain in reservoirs without infecting humans.
46. Which of the following would indicate efforts to control a disease are working?
a. The disease becomes endemic.
b. The disease prevalence increases.
c. The disease incidence decreases.
d. Outbreaks of the disease only occur every other year.
47. Which of the following statements describes one of the three steps of surveillance used for infectious diseases?
a. Patients with infectious diseases are required to be seen by a physician at the CDC.
b. Physicians are required to submit all patient records electronically to the CDC for
review.
c. Patient charts are reviewed by an infection control practitioner when an infectious
disease is suspected.
d. Incidence data is collected in all cases of bacterial infections within the United States.
48. Which of the following lists correctly identifies nosocomial infections from most common to least common?
a. urinary tract, pneumonia, septicemia
b. pneumonia, urinary tract, surgical wounds
c. septicemia, surgical wounds, diarrhea
d. diarrhea, urinary tract, pneumonia
49. Mary, an elderly woman with an indwelling catheter, is admitted to a local hospital for treatment of pneumonia. Three days after her admission, Mary’s husband receives a call from the hospital. He is informed that Mary has a nosocomial infection. Which of the following statements is true?
a. The nosocomial infection referred to is pneumonia.
b. Mary has most likely developed a urinary tract infection.
c. Of all hospital patients, 25–30% develop nosocomial infections.
d. Mary’s nosocomial infection could have been prevented with improved ventilation.
50. A nurse working in a large hospital harbors MRSA as part of the normal microbiota in his nose. He is most likely the source of a MRSA outbreak if
a. infected patients have all had been cared for by this nurse and the isolates are identical.
b. the patients are all elderly and the isolates of MRSA are not genetically identical.
c. all of the infected patients were seen by the same physician and half of the patients were
cared for by this nurse.
d. all of the infected patients are on the same floor of the hospital and all have a history of
heart problems.
51. Which of the following is NOT an example of aseptic technique?
a. use of antiseptic on skin prior to insertion of an IV line
b. use of latex gloves during the insertion of an indwelling catheter
c. disinfection of doorknobs and other inert surfaces
d. use of trash can liners in all patient rooms
52. An individual case of diphtheria, a notifiable infectious disease, in a patient in Florida is confirmed by laboratory testing. This patient’s physician would be required to
a. send a letter to the WHO in Geneva, Switzerland.
b. contact the CDC in Atlanta, Georgia.
c. treat the patient regardless of health insurance status.
d. quarantine the patient for eight weeks.
53. Fifteen individuals within one province in China are diagnosed with SARS. Epidemiologists will most likely
a. quarantine the entire province immediately.
b. contact the CDC in the United States to see if any cases were reported in the United
States.
c. wait to see if more cases of SARS are reported.
d. try to identify the index case.
54. How does vaccinating wild rodents or poultry influence human health?
a. Vaccinating wild rodents or poultry has no effect on human health.
b. Vaccinating wild rodents or poultry reduces transmission of zoonotic diseases to
humans.
c. Vaccinating wild rodents or poultry reduces the migration of microbes into temperate
regions.
d. Vaccinating wild rodents or poultry increases the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria.
55. Which of the following scenarios would help meet the goal of the One Health Initiative?
a. vaccinating poultry against avian influenza to prevent influenza from being transmitted
to humans
b. taking steps to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to reduce the effects of climate change
c. providing sanitation after flooding events to prevent gastrointestinal infections in humans
d. increasing compliance during antibiotic treatment of tuberculosis patients to prevent
emergence of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis
56. If humans continue to develop rapid transportation systems into more parts of the world, we should expect to see
a. pandemics tracing the path of the transportation systems.
b. an increase in detection of blood-borne pathogens.
c. a decrease in human encroachment into tropical rain forests.
d. an increase in the spread of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.
57. How has the AIDS pandemic influenced reemerging diseases?
a. AIDS has increased the number of immunocompromised individuals who are susceptible
to diseases that were previously declining in developed countries.
b. AIDS has led to an increase in the number of disease vectors throughout the world.
c. AIDS has increased the prevalence of protozoal and parasitic infections that were
declining in underdeveloped countries.
d. AIDS has caused evolution to occur in diseases that were close to being eradicated in all
countries.
58. Which of the following is likely to occur as a result of climate change?
a. Insect vectors will migrate from tropical regions to once-temperate regions.
b. Gastrointestinal infections will decrease in tropical regions.
c. Microbes currently found in temperate regions will move to tropical regions.
d. Extreme weather will decrease and diseases will become less seasonal.
59. What features would allow a virus to be used effectively as a bioweapon?
a. a high infectious dose c. person-to-person transmission
b. transmission via an insect vector d. quick pathogen detection systems
Explanation / Answer
Ampicillin is a broad Spectrum antibiotics as it is used for prevention and treatment against a wide range of bacteria. But since; broad spectrum antibiotics generally give rise to drug resistance; that is why Molly did not respond to this treatment.
Based on this information, the following is true:
a. Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.