2. (lecture) Describe Darwin\'s concept of \"materialism.\" 3. What is the evide

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2. (lecture) Describe Darwin's concept of "materialism." 3. What is the evidence for localization of function?" In what way is “localization of function" misleading? 4. Define "neuroplasticity" and provide an example 5. Define "epigenetics" and provide an example 6. At each level (Box 1.1 p. 11), what are the characteristics humans have in common with all animals? With all vertebrates? With all mammals? With all primates? 7. What can a correlational study tell us? What can't it tell us? 8. What is a positive correlation? What is a negative correlation? 9. What is the major difference in the procedures for an experimental 10. What is the major difference in interpreting the results of an 11. Identify the following terms: control group, within-subjects 12. Identify independent variable, dependent variable versus a correlational study? experimental versus a correlational study? experiments and between-subjects experiment 13. Contrast "intervention" and "effect." Also, provide an example of an intervention, and an effect. How do these relate to independent and dependent variables? Provide an example that is not from Chapter 1 example that is not from Chapter 1 would it apply? animal research be permitted? If so, under what conditions? 14. Contrast a somatic intervention to a behavioral intervention 15. Contrast a somatic effect to a behavioral effect. Provide an 16. Briefly, describe each Level of Analysis 17. What is the use of "reductionism?" At what Level(s) of Analysis 18. List the pros and cons of animal research. In your opinion, should

Explanation / Answer

4) Neuroplasticity is also called brain plasticity or brain malleability. Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of neurons to change in form and function in response to alterations in their environment. In this brain reorganize nerve cells in response to the injury and disease(or in response to the changes in their surroundings).

Brain reorganization involves the growth of undamaged axons that in turn connect to the nerve andings of the damaged neurons which leads to the formation of new pathway that stimulates required function.

For example - When the neuron of one hemisphere is damaged, the other hemisphere take over its function by reorganizing and forms new neural pathway.

5) Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes that not involves changes in the DNA sequence. In other words, it is a phenotypic change without a change in genotype. For example - X- inactivation, Histone modification and DNA methylation.

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