A community in Nicaragua needs to size and locate a tank to be used to store pot
ID: 1885340 • Letter: A
Question
A community in Nicaragua needs to size and locate a tank to be used to store potable water. The ultimate goal will be to create a water distribution system, but for now we will focus on the storage tank. The community itself is stretched along a ridge line in the northern Nicaraguan municipality of Totogalpa, Madriz (Pleese set otteh. The community comprises of about 250 residents in 50 homes. Project Tasks To complete this project you need to determine the size of the tank and you need to locate it within the community so that it provides sufficient pressure to each home. This Google Earth file shows the location of the community and some of the local infrastructures including the homes, the main road, and the existing well 1. Draw a schematic for their system. Include the well, tank and a simplified representation of the homes within the community. Label the elevations for each object in the schematic. How much water does a person need? Research this answer on the internet and cite your sources. Provide an estimate that you think is appropriate for Northern Nicaragua. This means your research may tell you that the typical water demand is X L/day, but given our specific location, you may adjust this value to Y L/day. Provide a justification for the number that you choose How much water storage is appropriate? Decide if the average day or maximum day demand is the right scenario to determine the size of the tank and then compute the volume of the tank Where should the tank be located (location and elevation)? Using Google Earth, place a pin in a spot where you think the tank should go. Write the assumptions and the considerations that you made to decide that location. Estimate the minimum tank height based upon your chose minimum static pressure for the community How much static pressure is at each home within the community? Given the height of the tank, provide the static pressure for the homes at the highest elevation and the lowest elevation within the community 2. 3. 4. 5.
Explanation / Answer
1. The tank should be ideally located in the middle of the command area and also on a high ground. The staginh height of the tank should be fixed as per the head loss of the distribution system. there should be at least 7m head available at terminal points of the distribution pipe network. The schematic cannot be drawn as the map of the area is not attached.
2. One person needs 135 liter per day as per standard. Given the specific location, as the households are not connected to any sewerage network system in the area and water scarcity, the water demand can be lowered to 70 lit per day for drinking purpose only. The source is CPHEEO manual of India.
3. The storage should normally be 33% of the daily demand.
The total daily demand will be 250x70 = 17500 lit/day. So, storage will be = 0.33x17500 lit = 5833 lit
Strorage depends on the rate of average flow to the reservoir and demand of the water by the residents in different times of the day. During some hours there will be less demand and so supply will be surplus. In other times there will be more demand and so suplly will be deficit. The addition of this surplus and deficit will ideally give the capacity of the tank. So we need to draw a curve to deteremine this capacity. Normally the capacity varies around 33% of the daily demand depending on the rate of supply to the tank and pattern of consumption by the residents throughout the day.
4. The tank should be located ideally at around the middle of the command area and this location should be at an higher elevation. This will result in more head available and distribution system will be efficient and cost effective.
5. Static pressure at the consumer end end should be 7m. Specific calculations can be done once the drawing of the locality is available.
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