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ER 10 TABLE 10.2 Collared lizards in the New Mexico region. Blue Yellow A Az 988

ID: 189116 • Letter: E

Question

ER 10 TABLE 10.2 Collared lizards in the New Mexico region. Blue Yellow A Az 988 Generation 1 Total Orange AIA 551 Phenotype Genotype Number of individuals Observed genotype frequencies Allele frequencies Expected genotype frequencies Are these lizards in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (yes/no)? Generation 2 Phenotype Genotype Number of individuals Observed genotype frequencies Allele frequencies Expected genotype frequencies Are these lizards in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (yes/no)? Generation 3 Phenotype Genotype 361 = 1900 = 1.0 =1.0 Yellow A A2 901 Blue Total Orange AIA 510 289 -1700 = 1.0 Orange A Ai 546 Yellow A A2 1053 Blue A,A 351 Total Number of individuals = 1950 = 1.0 = 1.0 Observed genotype frequencies Allele frequencies Expected genotype frequencies Are these lizards in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (yes/no)? disequilibrium forces more likely in the Ozark population than the New Mexico nonula-

Explanation / Answer

Generation I:

Allele frequencies and Expected frequencies estimation:

Genotype

Freequency

Allele A1

Allele A2

Total

A1 A1

551

1102

0

1102

A1 A2

988

988

988

1976

A2 A2

361

0

722

722

Total

1900

2090

1710

3800

Allele A1

2090/

3800 =

0.55

Allele A2

1710/

3800 =

0.45

Expected frequencies estimation:

A1 A1

0.303*1900=

575

A1 A2

0.495*1900=

941

A2 A2

0.203*1900=

385

Chi-square test:

Null hypothesis: The observed values are not deviating from the expected values.

Category

A1 A1

A1 A2

A2 A2

Observed values

551

988

361

1900

Exprected Values

575

941

385

1900

Deviation

-24

47

-24

D^2

564.0625

2256.25

564.0625

3384.375

D^2/E

0.98

2.40

1.47

4.846444

X^2

4.85

Degrees of freedom

1

Inference: The calculated chisquare value i.e. 4.85 is greater than the table value i.e. 3.81 at 1 DF and 0.05 probability, hence the null hypothesis is rejected. The population is not in HW equilibrium.

.

.

.

Generation 2:

Allele frequencies and Expected frequencies estimation:

Genotype

Freequency

Allele A1

Allele A2

Total

A1 A1

510

1020

0

1020

A1 A2

901

901

901

1802

A2 A2

289

0

578

578

Total

1700

1921

1479

3400

Allele A1

1921/

3400 =

0.57

Allele A2

1479/

3400 =

0.44

Expected frequencies estimation:

A1 A1

0.319*1700=

543

A1 A2

0.492*1700=

836

A2 A2

0.189*1700=

322

Chi-square test:

Null hypothesis: The observed values are not deviating from the expected values.

Category

A1 A1

A1 A2

A2 A2

Observed values

510

901

289

1700

Exprected Values

543

836

322

1700

Deviation

-33

65

-33

D^2

1068.146

4272.583

1068.146

6408.875

D^2/E

1.97

5.11

3.32

10.40175

X^2

10.40

Degrees of freedom

1

Inference: The calculated chisquare value i.e. 10.40 is greater than the table value i.e. 3.81 at 1 DF and 0.05 probability, hence the null hypothesis is rejected. The population is not in HW equilibrium.

.

.

.

Generation 3:

Allele frequencies and Expected frequencies estimation:

Genotype

Freequency

Allele A1

Allele A2

Total

A1 A1

546

1092

0

1092

A1 A2

1053

1053

1053

2106

A2 A2

351

0

702

702

Total

1950

2145

1755

3900

Allele A1

2145/

3900 =

0.55

Allele A2

1755/

3900 =

0.45

Expected frequencies estimation:

A1 A1

0.303 * 1950 =

590

A1 A2

0.495 * 1950 =

965

A2 A2

0.203 * 1950 =

395

Chi-square test:

Null hypothesis: The observed values are not deviating from the expected values.

Category

A1 A1

A1 A2

A2 A2

Observed values

546

1053

351

1950

Exprected Values

590

965

395

1950

Deviation

-44

88

-44

D^2

1925.016

7700.062

1925.016

11550.09

D^2/E

3.26

7.98

4.88

16.1157

X^2

16.12

Degrees of freedom

1

Inference: The calculated chisquare value i.e. 16.12 is greater than the table value i.e. 3.81 at 1 DF and 0.05 probability, hence the null hypothesis is rejected. The population is not in HW equilibrium.

Genotype

Freequency

Allele A1

Allele A2

Total

A1 A1

551

1102

0

1102

A1 A2

988

988

988

1976

A2 A2

361

0

722

722

Total

1900

2090

1710

3800