4. Speciation and extinction Aa Aa New species originate in a process called spe

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4. Speciation and extinction Aa Aa New species originate in a process called speciation. Scroll through the box, and read about an example of speciation; then answer the questions that follow. Medium Tree Finch The 14 species of Darwin's finches live in the Galapagos Islands, an archipelago of 15 islands approximately 970 km (602 miles) from mainland Ecuador Two million to three million years ago, the ancestors of Darwin's finches migrated to the Galapagos from the South American mainland, probably blown there during a storm. The islands of the Galapagos are near enough to one another that migration is possible from one island to the other, and eventually the ancestors of Darwin's finches inhabited all of the islands of the archipelago. The islands are also far enough apart that migration among islands, although possible, is quite rare. Once colonized, each island was effectively able to isolate its population of finches from the populations on the neighboring islands NHPA / SuperStock Large Tree Finch In addition, the islands vary greatly in their vegetation. On some islands, seeds are abundant, and the birds that survive most readily are those with short, thick beaks adapted to crushing seeds; on other islands, the birds that survive best are those with longer, narrow beaks adapted to probing cactus plants for insects

Explanation / Answer

Geographical isolation- option 4; natural selection option 3; reproductive isolation option 2; adaption;

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