Read the following scenarios and indicate which of the following processes they
ID: 189932 • Letter: R
Question
Read the following scenarios and indicate which of the following processes they describe.
11. Sodium molecules move randomly around a solution of sodium chloride in water, frequently colliding with other sodium ions and chloride ions. secondary active transport diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion primary active transport
12. Sodium ions (Na+) move through sodium channels in a synthetic membrane. primary active transport secondary active transport facilitated diffusion osmosis
13. Water molecules move into the cytosol of a cell placed in a hypotonic solution. primary active transport secondary active transport facilitated diffusion osmosis
14. Water molecules move into the cytosol of a cell placed in pure water. facilitated diffusion osmosis secondary active transport primary active transport
15. Water molecules move out of a cell placed in a hypertonic solution. facilitated diffusion primary active transport secondary active transport osmosis
16. The action of sodium-potassium pumps moves sodium ions (Na+) out of a cell and potassium ions (K+) into a cell. facilitated diffusion secondary active transport osmosis primary active transport
17. Glucose molecules move into cells lining the intestine against their concentration gradient driven by the movement of sodium ions (Na+) into the cells down their concentration gradient. osmosis secondary active transport primary active transport facilitated diffusion
18. A beaker of water is separated by a selectively permeable membrane that allows the passage of water but not ions. A solution of 4% sodium chloride (NaCl) is placed on one side of the membrane and pure water is placed on the other side of the membrane. The solutions are allowed to equilibrate. At this point, which process is going on? facilitated diffusion osmosis secondary active transport primary active transport
Explanation / Answer
Osmosis:
Molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.
Diffusion.
Movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration due to random motion of the molecules or atoms.
Facilitated diffusion:
Facilitated transport does not directly require chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis in the transport step itself; rather, molecules and ions move down their concentration gradient reflecting its diffusive nature.
Primary active transport:
Energy is derived directly from the breakdown of ATP.
Secondary active transport:
Energy is derived from the energy that is stored in the form of ionic concentration differences between the two sides of a membrane.
11. Diffusion.
12. Secondary active transport.
13. Osmosis.
14. Osmosis.
15. Osmosis.
16. Secondary active transport.
17. Facilitated diffusion.
18. Secondary active transport.
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