Cell Structure and Function Case Studies Learning Objective 3.3: Identify the su

Question

Cell Structure and Function Case Studies Learning Objective 3.3: Identify the sub-cellular organelles and describe their structure and functions. Purpose: In this activity you will apply your knowledge regarding the function of cell organelles. Metabolic disorders and unique characteristics of some used to illustrate the importance of individual organelles. cells will be Skills: Through this assignment you will practice the following skills, -Gathering information from primary and secondary sources 2- Evaluating the information that is required to answer the questions provided in your case study. - Summarizing the information by writing the answers in an organized, clear and concise manner 4- Giving a short presentation of your work in class. Knowledge: Through this assignment you will gain the following knowledge, - The normal function of cells and cell organelles 2- The problems that arise when genetic disorders affect cell organelles and their functions. Tasks: To complete this assignment you need to 1-Find your assigned case study by using the table below. Your name and the name of other students assigned to the same case study will appear on the right hand side column of the table. The “groups" only indicate the students that have been assigned to the same case study but you will work individually 2- Use the background reference provided by the a- Find 2 additional references on your topic from 4 Prepare a typed paper with the following layout: instructor to become familiar with the topic. reliable resources a- ONE typed-page (references or figures do not

Explanation / Answer

Mitochondria

The organelle referred is Mitochondria. It is known as the power house of the cell. They are membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic (both plant and animal) cells. The primary function of mitochondria is to generate large quantities of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

An example of mitochondrial disorder is Leigh Syndrome.

Leigh syndrome is a severe neurological disorder characterized by progressive loss of mental and movement abilities (psychomotor regression) and typically results in death, usually due to respiratory failure.

The first signs of Leigh syndrome seen in infancy are usually vomiting, diarrhea, and difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), which disrupts eating. These problems often result in an inability to grow and gain weight at the expected rate. Affected individuals may develop weak muscle tone (hypotonia), involuntary muscle contractions (dystonia), and problems with movement and balance (ataxia). Loss of sensation and weakness in the limbs (peripheral neuropathy) makes it difficult for the person to move.

It may also lead to weakness or paralysis of the muscles that move the eyes (ophthalmoparesis); rapid, involuntary eye movements (nystagmus); or degeneration of the nerves that carry information from the eyes to the brain (optic atrophy) and even hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Lactate build up can occur in the body, and excessive amounts are often found in the blood, urine, or the cerebrospinal fluid.

The brain lesions are also developed in people who suffer from this condition. The lesions are often accompanied by loss of the myelin coating around nerves (demyelination), which reduces the ability of the nerves to activate muscles used for movement or relay sensory information from the rest of the body back to the brain.

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