Some antibiotics administered to humans inhibit peptide formation in microbes. H

Question

Some antibiotics administered to humans inhibit peptide formation in microbes.  How were the antibiotics made to target the microbes and not the eukaryotic host?

all of the choices are correct

Peptide synthesis occurs faster in prokaryotes, hence antibiotics act faster in prokaryotes than eukaryotes.

C- Prokaryotes have ribosomal subunits that differ from eukaryotes.

Prokaryotic gene expression is cytosolic rather than compartmentalized, as in eukaryotes, hence more accessible to antibiotics.

all of the choices are correct

Peptide synthesis occurs faster in prokaryotes, hence antibiotics act faster in prokaryotes than eukaryotes.

C- Prokaryotes have ribosomal subunits that differ from eukaryotes.

Prokaryotic gene expression is cytosolic rather than compartmentalized, as in eukaryotes, hence more accessible to antibiotics.

Explanation / Answer

Ans) (C)- Prokaryotes have ribosomal subunits that differ from eukaryotes.

The prokaryotes (e.g. bacteria) consist of 70S ribosomes which are made up of one larger subunit called 50S and smaller subunit called 30S. The 50S subunit consists of 23S rRNA (2904 Nucleotides long), 5S r RNA (120 Nucleotides long) and 31 proteins. The 30S subunit has 16S rRNA (1542 Nucleotide long) and 21 proteins. The 5th domain of 23S rRNA of 50S subunit has peptidyltransferase activity. Most of the antibiotics such as chloramphenicol bind to the 5th domain of 23S rRNA and inhibit peptidyltransferase activity of 23S rRNA thereby prevent peptide bond formation during protein synthesis in prokaryotes.

Eukaryotes (e.g. animals) have 80S ribosomes which are different from the ribosomes of prokaryotes (70S). The 80S ribosomes are made up 60S larger subunit and the 40S smaller subunit. The 60S larger subunit contains 28S rRNA, 5S rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA and 47 proteins. The 40S smaller subunit has 18S rRNA and 32 proteins. The 28S rRNA of the 60S larger subunit has the peptidyltransferase activity and it does not possess the 5th domain like 23S rRNA so chloramphenicol does not bind to the 28S rRNA of 60S larger subunit and does not show any effect on peptide bond formation during protein synthesis in eukaryotes.

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