NAME differences in diet (longer intestines for more herbivorous diets, shorter
ID: 195627 • Letter: N
Question
NAME differences in diet (longer intestines for more herbivorous diets, shorter intestines of a freshwater fish clade, differences in intestine length are thought to reflect carnivorous diets). Ima species from this clade, and found the pattern shown below. The upper number length, the lower number is percent carnivorous diet. for more agine we measured intestine length and % carnivorous diet for 10 fish is intestine Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 789 10 Intestine Length (cm) 45 60 75 80 82 77 60 44 98 103 %carnivorous diet 100 75 43 40 40 45 60 98 a) Using the tree above, list all possible contrasts (comparisons). (10pts) B) In one sentence, explain why the contrasts above are better com data points of intestine length vs. % camivorous diet for each species. (4pts) arisons than simply plottingExplanation / Answer
Answer a) Possible contrasts (comparisons);
Species 1 and 10; species 1 is an outgroup and completely carnivore while species 10 is descended from multiple changes is a complete herbivore. comparing the intestine length, carnivore species 1 has an intestine length of 45cm and herbivore species 2 has an intestine length of 103cm. it clearly indicates that carnivore has smaller intestine length while herbivore has larger intestine length.
Species 2 and 3; though both the species are descended from a common ancestor and are more closely related to each other. but comparing their diet pattern shows that species 2 having 75% carnivore diet has a small intestine length of 60cm, while species having 43% carnivore diet has a comparatively larger intestine length of 75cm. it clearly indicates that more carnivorous diet results in shorter intestine length.
Species 4 and 5; both the species are descended from a common ancestor and are more closely related to each other. comparing their diet pattern shows that both the species having 40% carnivore diet has almost equal intestine length.
Species 1 and 8; species 1 is an outgroup and completely carnivore while species 8 is descended from multiple changes is also a high carnivore. though both the species are distantly related, comparing the intestine length, carnivore species 1 and 8 has similar intestine length. it clearly indicates that irrespective of relatedness, intestine length corresponds to the diet pattern.
Species 9 and 10; both the species are closely related and having similar diet pattern of being completely herbivore. comparing the intestine length, both the species have similar almost similar intestine length. it clearly indicates similar diet pattern may result in nearly similar intestinal length.
Note - These are some clear contrast in the given condition.
Answer b) Such contrasts from the phylogenetic trees are better comparisons than simple plotting because phylogenetic tree also includes the evolutionary distance and relatedness between species along with diet pattern. and therefore, such phylogenetic trees also represent whether there is any effect of relatedness between species on the intestine length apart from the diet pattern.
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