11 As a clinical scientist you decide to test an exper has sepsis that does not
ID: 197111 • Letter: 1
Question
11 As a clinical scientist you decide to test an exper has sepsis that does not respond to conventional me drug on one of your patients who iment dical therapies. You compare immune etween a healthy individual and your patient before and after they received Drug K. Based on the flow (11 iv- 11 vi) (12 points total). cytometric data analysis below, answer the following questions analysis below Answer using complete sentences for full credit. Healthy Individual vidual with SepsisIndividual with Sepsis who received Drug K CD14 TLR-XX 11 iv) What is the If you don't know what cytokine storm means, you should look it up in the glo textbook. (4 points) underlying mechanism that produces the cytokine storm observed in sepsis? ssary of your 11 v) Would you predict that TLR-XX-induced immune responses would be increased or decreased following treatment with Drug K? Justify your answer by explaining how you made this conclusion based on the data. (4 points) 11 vi) Would Drug K be an effective treatment for sepsis? In your answer explain WHY or NOT. (4 points)Explanation / Answer
For 11 iv)
In general, I can tell you that a storm of cytokines is a condition in which immune cells generate pro-inflammatory cytokines without any control mechanism. Which recruits more cells to the site of inflammation and more cytokines are synthesized by the newly recruited cells. Although the mechanism by which this condition is generated is unknown, some theories say that there is a lack of regulation cells (that is, they synthesize anti-inflammatory cytokines to delimit the ration) among others. Recently with the outbreak of influenza that was found that this phenomenon in this disease happened with a fairly high frequency and that the individual in question died because of the immune response instead of the disease.
This case in particular is mediated by toll-like receptors, remember that these receptors are the bridge between innate immunity and acquired or adaptive immunity.
When the toll-like receptor comes in contact with some part of the bacteria (even without having suffered disease caused by this same bacterium) the cell is activated, within it there are cascades of signaling in which the final product are cytokines with inflammatory effect which will recruit cells to that specific site and activate the immune system to fight the disease.
For 11 v)
The immune response induced by TLR-XX would be decreased, since the profile of the individual with sepsis treated with the drug K is more similar to that of the healthy individual.
For 11 vi)
More than an effective treatment would be a coadjuvant treatment, because in the case of sepsis is the immune response by which the individual has more chance of dying than by the same infection, remember that pro-inflammatory cytokines produce fluid extravasation so which is difficult to regulate the amount of liquids of the individual. This new drug helps to regulate the immune response, however, since it is regulated, we do not have the certainty that it can fight the infection, so it would be convenient to apply an additional treatment of antibiotics to ensure that the infection is eliminated.
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