4 During parent-teachers conterence at Stony Creek lementary, Ms. Katz tells b-y

Question

4 During parent-teachers conterence at Stony Creek lementary, Ms. Katz tells b-year-ola Jane's parents that she has been day-dreaming a lot. When Jane's parents ask their child what seems to be the problem, Jane tells them that she does not daydream and always tries to listen attentively. However, she says that Ms. Katz sometimes speaks very quickly-so quickly like she jumps into the future and she missed what she said in . between her "jumps. Her parents take her to a pediatric clinic who then sends her to Dr. Wallgruth. Having left St. Slowendum,Hospital for private practice, Dr. Wallgruth examines Jane. After a standard neurological exam, he orders an EEG. The EEG gives the following results in the bottom: (Hint: note that each column corresponds to 1 second, count the number of spikes in each column to give you frequency of discharge) (retrieved from UpToDate, 2018) What type of condition does Jane most likely have? A. Febrile seizures 1. B. C. Absence seizures D. Tonic-clonic seizures E. Simple partial seizures ing drugs is most appropriate to give for Jane's condition (recall the anatomical basis of the type of seizures Jane displays)? A Diazepam, a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors B. Phenytoin, a blocker of voltage-gated Na" channels C. Valproic Acid, increases GABA in the brain and inactivates D. Ethosuximide, an inhibitor of thalamic Ca channels E. Levetiracetam, an inhibitor of presynaptic voltage-gated Ca channels voltage-gated Na" cnannels

Explanation / Answer

1. Correct answer C Absence seizures

A child may have absence seizures for some time before an adult notices the seizures, because they're so brief. A decline in a child's learning ability may be the first sign of this disorder. Teachers may comment about a child's inability to pay attention or that a child is often daydreaming.In general, seizures are caused by abnormal electrical impulses from nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. The brain's nerve cells normally send electrical and chemical signals across the synapses that connect them.In people who have seizures, the brain's usual electrical activity is altered. During an absence seizure, these electrical signals repeat themselves over and over in a three-second pattern.People who have seizures may also have altered levels of the chemical messengers that help the nerve cells communicate with one another.

2. Correct answer D Ethosuximide, an inhibitor of thalamic Ca2 channels

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