Answer Q 7 and 8 gamle precursors under the reducing conditions that prevailed i

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Answer Q 7 and 8 gamle precursors under the reducing conditions that prevailed in the early lthosphere. d, meteor-mediated delivery of extra-terrestrial organic molecules. e all of the above. because of their ability to promote the one hypothesis, minerals in clay might have played a key role in prebiotic evolution on of atmospheric oxygen. b. breakdown of cell walls. e. polymerization of macromolecules. d. decay of radioactive isotopes. e. capture of sunlight during photosynthesis. 6. Your textbook describes two distinct types of structure that might have played a "boundary'" role during early/pre-biotic evolution, namely liposomes and a. ATP b. cell walls. c e. sphingolipids. coacervates. d. DNA. described in class (etc.), studies of a species of finch (namely, Geospiza fortis) on a Galapagos island (Daphne Major) by Rosemary and John Grant demonstrated each of the following EXCEPT: a. individual birds within a population of G fortis exhibited substantial variationin beak sze depth b. beak size is a heritable trait. c. average beak size increased substantially in the year following a severe drought (which occurred in 1977) the dry conditions in 1977 induced mutations in at least two genes that control beak size in G. fortis. e. none of the above (because the Grants showed all of the above) The conversion of iron from its ferrous form (Fe2, which is water-soluble) to its ferric form (Fe, which is present in rust and iron ore) was discussed during lecture because it a. readily occurs in sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS), and thereby distorts the shape of red blood cells. b. first became widespread upon the evolution of aerobic organisms, which used it to generate cellular energy c. produced the geothermal energy that was relcased during the Cambrian explosion d, had to occur on a massive scale before the oxygen (O) produced by early photosynthetic organisms could accumulate to significant levels in the atmosphere. e. all of the above. must also 9. In biological taxonomy, any two species that belong to the same d. community d. kingdom e.phylum a. population b. family

Explanation / Answer

7) Option d. It was not the drought that induced mutations in the finches. The drought merely acted as a means of natural selection to select for birds that had bigger beaks and thus could eat the harder seeds in the drought season. Thus birds with small beaks died out as softer seeds were not available leaving the birds with thicker and bigger beaks to survive and reproduce.

8) Option b. All known forms of life require iron and ordinary iron(III) compounds are insoluble in an aerobic environment. And iron metabolism became widespread during the evolution of aerobic bacteria.

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