Find to three significant digits the charge and the mass of the following partic

Question

Find to three significant digits the charge and the mass of the following particles. Suggestion: Begin by looking up the mass of a neutral atom on the periodic table of the elements in Appendix C.

charge C mass kg Find to three significant digits the charge and the mass of the following particles. Suggestion: Begin by looking up the mass of a neutral atom on the periodic table of the elements in Appendix C. (a) an ionized hydrogen atom, represented as H+ (b) a singly ionized sodium atom, Na+ (c) a chloride ion Cl- (d) a doubly ionized calcium atom, Ca++ = Ca2+ (e) the center of an ammonia molecule, modeled as an N3- ion (f) quadruply ionized nitrogen atoms, N4+, found in plasma in a hot star (g) the nucleus of a nitrogen atom (h) the molecular ion H2O- charge C mass kg charge C mass kg charge C mass kg charge C mass kg charge C mass kg charge C mass kg charge C mass kg charge C mass kg

Explanation / Answer

positive charge: the deficiency of electrons on a body or particle is known as positive charge. the mass of a body some what decreases when a positive charge is given to it. negative charge: the excess of electrons on a body or particle is known as negative charge. when a negative charge is given to a body then its mass somewhat increases. mass of electron me = 9.11*10-31 kg mass of proton mp = 1.67*10-27 kg electron charge e = -1.6*10-19 C proton charge =1.6*10-19 C 1 u = 1.66*10-27 kg 1 zepto = 10-21 1 atto = 10-18 1 atto = 10-18 a) ionized hydrogen atom (H+) :     charge = charge of proton                = +1.6*10-19 C                = 160 zC        mass = mass of hydrogen atom - (1)(mass of electron)                = (1)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)               = 1.67*10-27 kg b) ionized sodium atom (Na+) :    charge = charge of proton               = +1.6*10-19 C                = 160 zC        mass = mass of sodium atom - (1)(mass of electron)               = (23)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)                = 3.84*10-26 kg                = 23.13 u b) ionized sodium atom (Na+) :    charge = charge of proton               = +1.6*10-19 C                = 160 zC        mass = mass of sodium atom - (1)(mass of electron)               = (23)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)                = 3.84*10-26 kg                = 23.13 u    charge = charge of proton               = +1.6*10-19 C                = 160 zC        mass = mass of sodium atom - (1)(mass of electron)               = (23)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)                = 3.84*10-26 kg                = 23.13 u        mass = mass of sodium atom - (1)(mass of electron)               = (23)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)                = 3.84*10-26 kg                = 23.13 u c) for chloride ion Cl-:    charge = charge of one electron               = -1.6*10-19 C               = -160 zC    mass = mass of chloride atom + mass of Cl-            = 35.5*1.67*10-27 kg + 1*9.11*10-31 kg           = 5.928*10-26 kg           = (5.928*10-26 )(1/1.66*10-27) u           = 35.7 u d) for doubly ionized calcium atom, Ca++ = Ca2+ :      charge = chrge of two protons                 = (2)(1.6*10-19 C)                 = 3.2*10-19 C                 = 320*10-21 C                 = 320 zC        mass = mass of calcium atom - (2)(mass of electron)                = (40)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (2)(9.11*10-31 kg)                = 6.68*10-26 kg                = (6.68*10-26)(1/1.66*10-27) u                = 40.2 u e) ammonia molecule (N3-) :    charge = (3)(charge of electron)               = (3)(-1.6*10-19 C)               = -4.8*10-19 C               = -480 zC      mass = mass of N atom + (3)(mass of electron)              = (14)(1.67*10-27 kg) + (3)(9.11*10-31 kg)             = 2.34*10-26 kg             = 14 u f) for N4+ :     charge = charge of four protons                = (4)(1.6*10-19 C)                 =6.4*10-19 C                = 640 zC     mass = mass of nitrogen atom - (4)(mass of electron)             = (14)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (4)(9.11*10-31 kg)             = 2.34*10-26 kg             = 14 u g) for nucleus of a nitrogen atom (N77) : it has seven protons and seven neutrons.            charge = (7)(charge of proton)                       = (7)(1.6*10-19 C)                       = 11.2*10-19 C                       = 1.12*10-18 C                      = 1.12 aC            mass = mass of the nitrogen atom - (7)(mass of electron)                     = (14)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (7)(9.11*10-31 kg)                     = 2.34*10-26 kg                     = 14 u h) for molecular ion H2O- :          charge = charge of electron                     = -1.6*10-19 C                     = -160 zC          mass = mass of H2O molecule + (1)(mass of electron)                   = (18)(1.67*10-27 kg) + (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)                  = 3.01*10-26 kg                  = 18.1 u        mass = mass of calcium atom - (2)(mass of electron)                = (40)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (2)(9.11*10-31 kg)                = 6.68*10-26 kg                = (6.68*10-26)(1/1.66*10-27) u                = 40.2 u e) ammonia molecule (N3-) :    charge = (3)(charge of electron)               = (3)(-1.6*10-19 C)               = -4.8*10-19 C               = -480 zC      mass = mass of N atom + (3)(mass of electron)              = (14)(1.67*10-27 kg) + (3)(9.11*10-31 kg)             = 2.34*10-26 kg             = 14 u    charge = (3)(charge of electron)               = (3)(-1.6*10-19 C)               = -4.8*10-19 C               = -480 zC      mass = mass of N atom + (3)(mass of electron)              = (14)(1.67*10-27 kg) + (3)(9.11*10-31 kg)             = 2.34*10-26 kg             = 14 u f) for N4+ :     charge = charge of four protons                = (4)(1.6*10-19 C)                 =6.4*10-19 C                = 640 zC     mass = mass of nitrogen atom - (4)(mass of electron)             = (14)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (4)(9.11*10-31 kg)             = 2.34*10-26 kg             = 14 u g) for nucleus of a nitrogen atom (N77) : it has seven protons and seven neutrons.            charge = (7)(charge of proton)                       = (7)(1.6*10-19 C)                       = 11.2*10-19 C                       = 1.12*10-18 C                      = 1.12 aC            mass = mass of the nitrogen atom - (7)(mass of electron)                     = (14)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (7)(9.11*10-31 kg)                     = 2.34*10-26 kg                     = 14 u h) for molecular ion H2O- :          charge = charge of electron                     = -1.6*10-19 C                     = -160 zC          mass = mass of H2O molecule + (1)(mass of electron)                   = (18)(1.67*10-27 kg) + (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)                  = 3.01*10-26 kg                  = 18.1 u          charge = charge of electron                     = -1.6*10-19 C                     = -160 zC          mass = mass of H2O molecule + (1)(mass of electron)                   = (18)(1.67*10-27 kg) + (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)                  = 3.01*10-26 kg                  = 18.1 u

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