What is the main way in which combined oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy? Se

Question

What is the main way in which combined oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy? Select one: O a. They prevent the immature ova from starting the process of meiosis b. They stimulate menstruation, terminating pregnancy if implantation has occurred c. They block the midcycle surge in LH. preventing ovulation d. They keep progesterone levels low in the luteal phase of the menstrual to prevent O implantation of fertilized ova What would happen if you caused progesterone levels to decline earlier in the luteal phase than they normally do? Select one: a. Menstruation would occur sooner than it normally does. b. Secretion from the endometrium would occur for longer than it normally does. C. The follicular phase would be longer than it normally is. d. Ovulation would occur sooner than it normally does during the menstrual cycle.

Explanation / Answer

1.   Combined oral contraceptives contain both estrogen, and progestin. These drugs prevent the release of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland thereby preventing ovulation. So, the correct option is option C, they block the mid cycle surge in LH, preventing ovulation.
2.   The collapsed follicle produces progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Function of progesterone is to stimulate the secretion of proteins by the endometrium during the second half of the menstrual cycle. If progesterone levels decline earlier in the luteal phase than they normally do menstruation would occur sooner than it normally does. So, the correct option is option A.
3.   Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) released from the hypothalamus stimulates the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. The secreted LH inturn stimulates the release of testosterone hormone. If testosterone hormone levels are high, the secretion of both GnRH and LH would be decreased. So, the correct option is option B.
4.   Pea sized glands known as the Bartholin's glands secrete mucus that lubricates the vaginal opening. So, the correct option is option C, Bartholin’s glands.

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