When there\'s a lack of oxygen, what happens in the electron transport chain, py

Question

When there's a lack of oxygen, what happens in the electron transport chain, pyruvate oxidation, and citric acid cycle? When there's a lack of oxygen, in the electron transport chain, cytochrome C stays in its form. This is because the cell has no for Cytochrome C to Similarly, QH2 which is the reduced form of ubiquinone remains in donate its its is already in a state. This is because QH2 is also unable to donate its electrons to Cytochrome C which state and cannot accept any more We should remember that accepting is the final acceptor of and on is reduced to Without the reduced electron carriers and will remain in the state. As such, the cell cannot regenerate NAD+ and FAD+. In other words, there will be no NAD+ and FAD+ available as the NAD+ and FAD+ are stuck in their NADH and FADH: forms. will not be converted to as shown in Due to a lack of NAD+, the equation below. Simple, production of acetyl CoA will not occur. There will be no acetyl CoA as pyruvate oxidation will not occur. As such, the Krebs' cycle/TCA cycle will be missing/lacking its key ingredient which combines with the TCA cycle cannot happen to give citrate. Without Pyruvate +NAD Acetyl CoA+CO,+NADH+ H The cell has found a way to regenerate fermentation occurs when below. In This process called is converted to fermentation, NADH acts as as shown in the figure agent and pyruvate to lactate. In turn Is reduced to NADH is to NAD+. In this process, NAD+ is regenerated to drive the oxidation of to pyruvate. Specifically, NAD+ is used in glycolysis in the step where is oxidized to and NAD+ is reduced to NADH. (a) Lactic acid fermentation occurs in humans. 2 ADP 2 ATP Glucose 2 NAD 2 NADH 2 Pynuvate CH Lactate electrons from NADH

Explanation / Answer

1. IInactive form

2. NADH  

3. Electrons

4. Reduced state

5. Reduced state

6. Electron

7. Oxygen

8. Electron

9. Electron

10. Oxygen

11.H2O

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