Please read the following passage, and answer the multiple choice questions that

Question

Please read the following passage, and answer the multiple choice questions that come after it.

Here is the passage:

Here are the questions:

The 14 species of Darwin's finches live in the Galápagos Islands, an archipelago of 15 islands approximately 970 km (602 miles) from mainland Ecuador Two million to three million years ago, the ancestors of Darwin's finches migrated to the Galapagos from the South American mainland, probably blown there during a storm. The islands of the Galapagos are near enough to one another that migration is possible from one island to the other, and eventually the ancestors of Darwin's finches inhabited all of the islands of the archipelago. The islands are also far enough apart that migration among islands, although possible, is quite rare. Once colonized, each island was effectively able to isolate its population of finches from the populations on the neighboring islands In addition, the islands vary greatly in their vegetation. On some islands, seeds are abundant, and the birds that survive most readily are those with short, thick beaks adapted to crushing seeds; on other islands, the birds that survive best are those with longer, narrow beaks adapted to probing cactus plants for insects.

Explanation / Answer

1) Geographic isolation= the islands are far enough apart that migration among islands though possible ,but rare.

2) Natural selection= In some islands seeds are abundent and the birds that survive most readily are those with short and thick beak so that they can crush the seeds and those that can survive best in other islands are with narrow ,long beaks so they can probe cactus plants for insects

3) Reproductive isolation =How ever because female finches mate with male finches with similar beak lengths ,beak length is an important determinant of mate suitability in darwins finches and birds of the two species do not interbreed.

4) Back ground extinction

5) extinction

6) mass extinction

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