This experiment is Geomeyrical Optics 1 : spherical thin lenses Could you solve

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This experiment is Geomeyrical Optics 1 : spherical thin lenses Could you solve the number 1 Co's Geometrical Optics I: Spherical Thin Lenses 1. Introduction "I am real! said Alice, and began to cry "You won't make yourself a bit realler by crying." Tweedledee remarked We have all seen our reflection in mirrors and pools of water, but the mechanism by which a reflective surface or a lens forms an image, which we can see with the human eye, is a consequence of the laws of reflection and refraction which we investigated in a previous laboratory In this laboratory we shall examine the effects of these laws on images, and extend our use of ray diagrams to describe the formation of these images using geometry. Our inherent assumption when using ray diagrams is that, in a uniform medium, light waves travel in straight lines. We shall learn later that, as for any wave, this is true only for obstructions (or apertures) that are much larger than the avelength of the light. Since visible light consists of wavelengths -600 nm, however, this approximation. We shall also restrict ourselves to optics which form "sharp" images- this means all light rays which leave a point on the object, eventually either converge (pass through a single point in space) forming a REAL image, OR iverge from an "imaginary" point, forming a VIRTUAL image Surfaces that do not have this property will either scatter light (such as in diffuse reflections) or "blur the light from a point source over a finite area How is a real image distinguished from a virtual image? A real image can be projected on a screen, while a virtual image requires additional optics (such as the lens of the eye) to be viewed. Images can also be characterized as upright or inverted, and by their size: magnified, or minified with respect to the object. We have learned that light will bend, or refract, when passing from one medium to another, and it is this property that allows us to form images using lenses. The first such refractive optics were put to practical use as corrective lenses by Dutch opticians in the early 17 century, and described by astronomer Johannes Kepler. Later work brought an improved understanding of the function of the human eye, which uses a lens as part (but not the dominant part) of its focusing mechanism. A certain class of lens thin spherical lenses can form sharp images that can be analyzed easily by ray diagrams. Spherical lenses are refracting optical surfaces whose shape matches the surface of a sphere, and are characterized by two radii of curvature, one for each face. As long as the lens is "thin enough, we can assign a single focal length to it, regardless of which face receives the incident light The focal length depends on (i) the radius of curvature of each face, and (ii) the relative refractive indices of the media at each surface. All lenses are divided into two groups: converging (convex), and concave (or diverging). When constructing rays diagrams for thin lenses, due to the reversibility of light waves, we can use the two foci on each side of the lens. Images can be located by constructing: Paraxial rays (parallel and close to the principal axis), which converge to (convex lens) or appear to diverge from (concave lens) the focal point. Rays passing through the optical center of a thin lens, which emerge undeflected. Rays directed on a line through the appropriate focal point, which are refracted parallel to the principal axis As with spherical mirors, a simple formula predicts the nature of images formed by spherical lenses, where p is the object-lens distance, and i is the image-lens distance:

Explanation / Answer

According to Optics Ray concept we have the formula to calculate the focal length and object distance by using Mirror and Lens (i.e..Concave/Convex and mirror) by placing in sunlight and any other source as light.

According to query raised in above question if we place the hand at the half top of the object

i)"The entire image is visible, but only at the low intensity. Each point on the object is a source of rays that travel in all directions. Thus, light from all parts of the object goes through all unblocked parts of the lens and forms an image.

ii) If you block part of the lens, you are blocking some of the rays, but the remaining ones still come from all parts of the object."

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