Read the article I have attatched below and answer this 2 part question. Part A.

Question

Read the article I have attatched below and answer this 2 part question.

Part A. Do you think the same areas and habitat features would be important to AMWO during spring migration? Why or why not?

Part B. Identify one thing that you think the researchers could have done better.

Research Article Fall Migration and Habitat Use of American Woodcock in the Central United States NICK A. MYATT, Arkaas Coopemarive Fsb &Wildlie; Rea Unit, Department of Bislogical Scieno Univerity of Arharses Ft, AR 2701, USA DAVID G. KREMENTZ Unind States Gesdegical Survwy Arkansas Ceoperative Fish and Wiie Resa Unit, Department f Biolegical Scieme University f Arkans, Fayertreie, AR 72701,USA ABSTRACT Little is k own about the mugration ecology of the Ameran oo kock per miner). From 2001 to 2003, we began a 3- year study to document woodoock fall migration routes, rates, and habitat use from Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, USA. Some 586 eadiomarked woodcock initiated migration. During 224 hours of serial celemetry, we locaned 42 radiomarked woodcock in 6 stanes. Using locations of radiomarked bieds, we speculated woodcock migration routes in the cemeral United Sates Stopover duration often exceeded 4 days, with some birds seopping longer than a week. Radiomarked irds were located in upland habitats more freqaently than bottomland habitans and used a higher proportion of mature foeest than expectedl. A Geographic Information System was used to map potential woodeock hahitat in he Central Region. Based on our results, we identifed posible fall migration routes and priority arcas for woodcock management in the Cenerl Region. Our sesults should be used by land managers to prioritize future land aoquisition and management of woodcock habitat JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 71(4)1197-1205; 2007) DOI: 10.2193/2006-154 KEY WORDS American woodcock, breeding grounds, Central Region, all migration, habitat use, radiotelemetry, Solopax minor, timing, wintering grounds. American woodcock (colopax mior) ecology has been central Louisiana, USA (Fig. 2). Sheldon (1967) used 10 studied extensively on the northern breeding grounds and additional years of band return data 400) and to a lesser extent on the wintering grounds, but little research hypothesized that woodcock migrating from Minnesota has been conducted on the migration ecology of this and Wisconsin followed the Mississippi River south declining species (Keppie and Whiting 1994). Although through the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) to the timing of departure from the breeding grounds and the winter grounds (Fig. 2). During the 1950s-1970s, the arrival on the wintering grounds has been documented, little MAV lost 120,000 halyear of bottomland hardwood forest is known about what happens during migration between (MacDonald et al. 1979). This large loss of habitat may have these areas. Knowledge of woodcock migration has been changed the pattern and timing of woodcock migration limited to anecdotal evidence, i sample of band returns (Glasgow 1958, Sheldon 1967, Migration Hight distance and stopover duration are Krohn et al. 1977), monitoring the onset of migration in mportant to managers, but only 3 woodcock have been small samples of radiomarked birds (Godfrey 1974, Coon et tracked during fall migration. One bird traveled 680 km in 2 al. 1976, Gregg 1984, Sepik and Derleth 1993), and rvest days of migration (Sepik and Derleth 1993). The other2 data (Roberts 1978, Murphy 1983).Minimal data have been birds migrated 53 km and 56 km on their first night's flight collected in the Central Region (Fig. 1)on migration habitat and resumed migration the following night (Coon et al. use, stopover duration, or fall migration routes of woodcock. of a limited through the MAV 1976). Woodcock initiate fall migration in the Central Region late October and early November (Keppie and Whiting 1994, Myatt and Krementz 2007). The northern extent of winter distribution of woodcock has been reported from northern Louisiana (Owen 1977) to as far north Missouri, USA (Straw et al. 1994). Most woodcock arrive on the wintering grounds by 15 December, but teir Parent 1997) Short stopover durations would provide distribution may depend on winter severity (Glasgow 1958). evidence that woodcock are migrating in a series of short in Migration stopover locations are crucial links between breeding and wintring grounds where avian migrants rest and refuel for the next leg of migration (Farmer and Parent 1997). Many species of shorebirds, including woodcock, use as traditional stopover locations where a significant portion of population might stop in a given year (Farmer and the Glasgow (1958) used a sample n-175) of woodcock hops. Longer stopover durations would suggest that birds are refueling after migrating in several jumps, where jumps followed by long stopovers (Piersma 1987). band returns to hypothesize that woodcock migrating from Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA, followed the Mississippiare long flight River south to Missouri where they then traveled through The availability and distribution of woodcock habitat in the central Missouri and Arkansas, USA, on their way to south Central Region could affect stopover duration. In fall 2001, we began a 3-year study of woodcock fall ecology in the Central Region. Our project took advantage of a concurrent study on the effects of hunting mortality on woodcock populations in the Great Lakes Present address: Access and Habitat Coordinator, Oregon Depart- ent of Fisb and Wildlife, Wildlife Division, 3406 Cberry Avenue mgration OR 97303, USA E-mail: krementz@uark.edu Myatt and Kr Fall Migration Ecology of American Woodcock 1197

Explanation / Answer

Part-A

During Spring migration same area and habitat features are important to the AMWO. Based on the food availability, as in breeding season food is imporatant, their feeding system is diurnal in this time. it is studied that in absence of earthworm or food in some migrational covers migratory woodcock shifts its habitat.

Part-B

The researcher could have done better, if the would have used satellite tracking for migration, and using a combination of bioacousticsa and radar to learn when bird migrates , Acoustics tell what species are migrating at night, and their exact location.

Radar tells how many birds are there. using these two systems together, there will be increase in the ability of forecast and analyze migration and understand particular stopover habitat and places,

as in study stopover duration does not include the time that the radiomarked bird spent at the location, before they are located. usually stop over locations are longer than observed, this field need rectification.

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