What Law of Mendel would best explain the outcome of a double recessive purple g

Question

What Law of Mendel would best explain the outcome of a double recessive purple grape plant being crossed with a homozygous green grape plant?

Does linkage support Mendel’s second law? Why or why not?

gene linkage proves that genes are located on different part of chromosomes . this doesn't disapprove the 2nsd law

Be completely versed with the outcomes of simple Punnett squares and monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. You should be able to estimate the outcome of the latter two without resorting to use of a Punnett.

What is the purpose of a tester in a test cross? Why can’t one simply look at an organism and phenotype it?

test cross can determine whether the individual being tested is homozygous dominant (pure bred) or heterozygous dominant (hybrid).

How do mitosis and meiosis differ?

What problems would be encountered in a eukaryote that had a null mutation that interrupted the ability of the spindle complex to form? Why don’t bacteria need a spindle complex?

Why does the chromosome number reduce in half during anaphase 1 of meiosis 1? By what mechanism?

Why do most asexual unicellular organisms reproduce so much quicker than multicellular sexual organisms?

What is the function of a checkpoint in cell division?

Be able to identify the stages of mitosis and meiosis when looking at examples from slides or drawings.

Using nothing more than the letters for a trihybrid allelic system, demonstrate the outcome of a double Holliday junction.

Male fruit flies lack a synaptonemal complex. What is its function?

Which could be more problematic, a dominant haplosufficient allele or a dominant haploinsufficient allele?

Why are organisms employing an XY sex determination system considered heterogametic?

What could potentially be more problematic, a mutation in the pseudoautosomal region of the Y chromosome or a mutation in the differential region?

Why are Y chromosomes considered ‘hemizygous’? Why can’t they be homozygous?

Should President Obama be concerned if his doctor tells him his Y chromosome is failing to form a tetrad?

Explanation / Answer

1. when double recessive purple grape plant is crossed with homozygous green plant outcome will be all heterozygous green grape plant.

It can be best explain by mendel first law :- In F1 generation character of only one of the 2 parents is expressed and it is called as dominant character and other is recessive character.

Dominant allele can express itself either in homozygous or in heterozygote conndition.

How do mitosis and meiosis differ?

no of chromosome reduces to half

What happens in eukaryote when spindle complex do not form:- when it do not form cell will be arrested at spindle assembly check point and it will not proceed for anaphase , no seperation of chromosomes.

For the bacteria, as they are prokaryotes they divide by binary fission , a type of asexual reproduction in which spindle complex formation is not involved. It is involve in mitosis and meiosis only.

In anaphase 1 seperation of homologous chromosome occurs. chromosomes are in state of unipolar attachment of kinetochore. chromosomes are 2 bivalent in pair(4 sister chromatids) which needs to seperate in order to form gamete at the end of mitosis. total 2 sets of each pair of chromosomes are present in cell which reduced to single pair of chromosome. thats why it is reductional division. so that no of chromosomes maintain in constant numbers from one generation to next generation. In anaphase 2 chromatids will seperate and gamete will form.

Why asexual organisms reproduce quickly:- asexual organisms reproduce by binary fission, budding etc. in which Multiple round of replication are present , during 1st round of replication itself2nd round of replication id started especially under nutrient rich condition. so their generation time is reduced. another reason is overlapping of C and D phase of cell division.

Function of Check point in cell division:- due to check points cell division occurs accurately. they moniter cell division activities and arrest cell division if found incorrect. that helps to prevent improper chromosomre alignment, replication of Damaged DNA.

XY system of sex determination is considered as heterogametic because it involves 2 sex chromosomes which differ in shape, structure, genetic content and they both are responsible for different sexes.

Y chromosomes are considered hemizygous because its only one copy is present on chromosome, they cannot be homozygous because they are present in single copy only.

obama will not be able to have male child when y chromosomeis not forming tetrad,but he can have female child if his x chromosome is able to form tetrad.

mitosis meiosis it occurs in somatic cells it occurs in germ cells no formation of synaptonemal complex formation of synaptonemal complex all phases occur once all phases occur twice no of chromosome remain same

no of chromosome reduces to half

G2/m check point occur after G2 stage G2/M check point occur at diplotene It is not responsible for variation among organisms It is responsible for variation in organisms and hence evolution. it doesnot form gamete it forms gamete

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