10. List the steps of the dark reactions. 11. Describe how energy flows and O, a

Question

10. List the steps of the dark reactions. 11. Describe how energy flows and O, and Co, cycle through photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Include the role of sunlight, electrons, ATP, C,H,20s (glucose), and H,O (water). 12. C4 plants keep stomata closed in hot weather, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because a. they fix CO2 into organic acids during the night b. they fix CO2 into sugars c. the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which out competes rubisco for CO2 d. they do photosynthesis at night 13. List the differences between C4 plants and CAM plants.

Explanation / Answer

Q10) STEPS IN DARK REACTION:-

Ist step:- 6 CO2 + 6(5-C) --------> 12(3-C)
second step:- 12 NADPH ----------> 12 NADP+ + 12 hydrogens
third step:-   2(3-C) + 12 hydrogens + 6 oxygen atoms (from 6 CO2) -------> C6 H12 O6
fourth step:- remaining 10(3-C) are changed back into 6(5-C) and are recycled back to the beginning of the dark reaction
fifth step:- 12 NADP+ are recycled back to Photosystem I
sixth step:- ATP made in Photosystem I is used for energy to allow all reactions
seventh stsp:- remaining 6 oxygen atoms from 6 CO2 form 3 O2 and is released

Q13) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN C4 AND CAM PLANTS

C4 PLANTS

- In C4 plants photorespiration is les.

- In C4 plants 12NADPH and 30 ATPs are required.

- C4 plants are mesophytic plants.

- The are having photoactive stomata.

- C4 plants include tropical plants.

CAM plants

- In CAM plants photorespiration is least or negligible.

- In CAM plants 12 NADPH and 39 ATPs are required.

- They are have scotoactive stomata.

- They are xeromorphic.

- They grow under semi arid conditions i.e, they are succulent growing.

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