please I want the solution by clear writing or typing and step by step 2.4 Coord

Question

please I want the solution by clear writing or typing and step by step

2.4 Coordinatioe of dir retiuaa Problem 10 17 of the textbook For the system shown in Figure 10 44, dieeetional relays are used breakers B12, B2 B23, B32, B34 and B-13. Overcurrent relays alone are used at Bl and B4 Figure 10.44 Problem 10.17 a) For a faulu at P1, which breakers should never operaner which breakers should b) Repeat for a line faul at P2 cl Repeat a for a line fault a P3. d How is the system protected against a fault at bus l.2.1and 4?

Explanation / Answer

relays are used to isolate faulted line/bus from the power system, then

a) for fault at P1 directional relays B12 and B21 has to operate to isolate branch 12 from system.

b) similarly for P2 directional relays B23 and B32 has to operate to isolate branch 23 from system

c) similarly for P3 directional relays B34 and B43 has to operate to isolate branch 34 from system

d) for fault at bus 1, B1 and directional relay B21 will operate. B12 cannot operate as power flow is from bus 2 to bus 1 for fault on bus 1, B12 will operate if there is a power flow(than prescribe limit ) from bus 1 to 2.

for fault at bus 2, directional relays B12 and B32 will operate. B21 cannot operate as power flow is from bus 1 to bus 2 for fault on bus 2, B21 will operate if there is a power flow(than prescribe limit ) from bus 2 to 1. And B23 cannot operate as power flow is from bus 3 to bus 2 for fault on bus 2, B23 will operate if there is a power flow(than prescribe limit ) from bus 2 to 3.

for fault at bus 3, directional relays B23 and B43 will operate. B32 cannot operate as power flow is from bus 2 to bus 3 for fault on bus 3, B32 will operate if there is a power flow(than prescribe limit ) from bus 3 to 2. And B34 cannot operate as power flow is from bus 4 to bus 3 for fault on bus 3, B34 will operate if there is a power flow(than prescribe limit ) from bus 3 to 4.

for fault at bus 4, B4 and directional relay B34 will operate. B43 cannot operate as power flow is from bus 3 to bus 4 for fault on bus 4, B43 will operate if there is a power flow(than prescribe limit ) from bus 4 to 3.

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