4 (20 pts) a) When paddling a canoe upstream, it is wisest to travel as near to

Question

4 (20 pts) a) When paddling a canoe upstream, it is wisest to travel as near to the shore as possible. When canoeing downstream, it may be best to stay near the middle. Explain why b) You may have noticed that dams are much thicker at the bottom. Explain why dams are built that way. c) Consider two identical spherical balls submerged in water at different depths. Will the buoyant forces acting on these two balls be the same or different? Explain. d) A tiny neutrally buoyant electronic pressure probe is released into the inlet pipe of a water pump and transmits pressure readings per second as it passes through the pump. Is this a Lagrangian or an Euleriar measurement? e) A stationary probe is placed in a fluid flow and measures pressure and temperature as functions of time at one location in the flow. Is this a Lagrangian or an Eulerian measurement? ) What is the definition of a streakline? How do streaklines differ from streamlines?

Explanation / Answer

a)

b) as we know that hydrostatic pressure is p = density*g* depth; so heigher the depth of water, larger would be the pressure force imparted by the fluid. and hence in a dam in order to sustain such a huge pressure walls are made as thick.

c) bouyant force depends on the fluid displaced by an object in the fluid. as two balls are identical they will dispace same amount of the fluid, beacuse volume of the balls are the same. hence bouyant force would be the same ireespective to their lcations in the fluid.

d) study of the fluid motion, by follwing the lump of fluid during its course of motion is called Lagrangian approach.

e) if you are placing instrument stationary at a single place in a flow and measuring the pressure and temperature as a function of time and space coordinates, this is called Eulerian Measurement.

f) streakline is the instantaneous picture of all the fluid particles which orginate froma fixed point in the flow.

ex: flow coming out from a nozzle of a smoke tunnel.

while streamlines are the imaginary curves drawn in a flow field such that tangent over it at any point gives the direction of the flow velocity. but we can not get velcity informtion from the streaklines.

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