Electric fields have various applications in tissue engineering. Electronotation

Question

Electric fields have various applications in tissue engineering. Electronotation, the rotation of particies in electric felds, is more reproducible if a cell is subjected to a rotating vs. a static electric field. To generate a rotating electric feld, four 90-degrees phase-shifted voltage signals are applied to four electrodes surrounding a cell, as shown in Figure 1. The rotation rate and direction depends on the amplitude of the applied voltage, fequency, and on the properties of a cells substructures. Electronotation can also be used for orienting polarized cells in specific directions for the engineering of distinct types of tissues. 90 180 Figure 1. Another application of electric fields is in di the induced lateral movement of particles in non-uniform Acell is suspended in a low conductivity buffer, and a non-uniform electric field is applied to the cell using microelectrodes on either side of the cell. The cell behaves like a dielectric particle in an electric field. becoming polarized as a result of particle charge separation. as shown in Figure 2. MacBook Air

Explanation / Answer

It could be measured using mV;

the electric field can induce capacitance as mentioned in the question,

Q = CV, so one measure this capacitance value and do the calculations

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